Nonablative laser and light treatments: histology and tissue effects--a review. [2003.01]
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Nonablative laser and light treatments have largely replaced ablative laser therapy in clinical use for the improvement of the visible signs of cutaneous aging-photo, including rhytides, vascular lesions, and pigmentation. However, the mechanisms underlying the reported clinical efficacy of nonablative treatments are not well-understood. The purpose of this analysis is to critically evaluate what is known about histologic and tissue effects of nonablative laser therapy and suggest future directions for research... CONCLUSIONS: (a) Thermal injury to the dermis in association with epidermal cooling most likely affects the dermal vasculature, which initiates a cascade of inflammatory events that includes fibroblastic proliferation and apparent up-regulation of collagen expression; (b) There is no indication that nonablative treatments are harmful or able to induce skin cancer; (c) It is possible that the horizontally distributed collagen reported after nonablative treatments is a "microscar," an enlarged Grenz sone associated with repetitive photo-induced trauma; (d) Further research is needed to elucidate the biophysical mechanisms underlying nonablative treatment, as well as to distinguish the utility of different wavelengths on epidermal and dermal improvement. Copyright 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Non-ablative facial skin photorejuvenation with an intense pulsed light system and adjunctive epidermal care. [2003.01]
Laser skin resurfacing is popular, but the appearance of the face during healing is unpleasant. Non-ablative photorejuvenation with intense pulsed light (IPL) has been reported as being successful but with varied results... The good patient satisfaction obtained was clearly demonstrated in the histologies and evaluations throughout the study.
Laser scar revision: comparison study of 585-nm pulsed dye laser with and without intralesional corticosteroids. [2003.01]
BACKGROUND: Hypertrophic scars affect 1.5% to 4.5% of the general population and remain notoriously difficult to eradicate because of the high recurrence rates and the incidence of side effects associated with treatment. Pulsed dye laser (PDL) treatment and intralesional corticosteroids have individually been reported to be effective in reducing hypertrophic scar bulk and symptoms. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether combination PDL and intralesional corticosteroid treatment produces better hypertrophic scar improvement than PDL treatment alone... CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of hypertrophic inframammary scars with 585-nm PDL irradiation alone effected substantial clinical and histologic improvement. The adjunctive use of intralesional corticosteroids did not significantly enhance clinical outcome except in those scars that were most symptomatic.
Laser and intense pulsed light therapy for the esthetic treatment of lower extremity veins. [2003.01]
The role of lasers and intense pulsed light sources has gained increasing popularity over the last decade. Major advances associated with improved results are the main reasons associated with this increasing popularity...
IPL technology: a review. [2003.01]
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Intense pulsed light (IPL) systems are high-intensity light sources, which emit polychromatic light. Unlike laser systems, these flashlamps work with noncoherent light in a broad wavelength spectrum of 515-1,200 nm. These properties allow for great variability in selecting individual treatment parameters and adapting to different types of skin types and indications. The purpose of this article was to critically review international medical publications of the many indication in which IPL technology can be used, including our own evaluations and experiences... CONCLUSIONS: The distinctive technical conditions involved combine to make IPL technology an alternative and auxiliary treatment option to existing laser systems and conventional therapies. Copyright 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of the ruby 694 Chromos for hair removal in various skin sites. [2003.01]
Lasers have been established as effective treatment for hair removal, with possible long-term suppression of hair growth in treated areas. The purpose of this study was to assess long-term hair regrowth after treatment with the ruby laser... The correlation of treatment success and anagen growth phase is less likely.
Efficacy and safety of stabilised hydrogen peroxide cream (Crystacide) in mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris: a randomised, controlled trial versus benzoyl peroxide gel. [2003.01]
CONCLUSIONS: HPS has shown to be as effective as BP in reducing both inflammatory and noninflammatory AV lesions in patients with mild-to-moderate disease. In comparison with BP 4% gel, HPS cream shows a better local tolerability profile.
Cutaneous photodamage, oxidative stress, and topical antioxidant protection. [2003.01]
New methods to protect skin from photodamage from sun exposure are necessary if we are to conquer skin cancer and photoaging...
Comparison of chloroxylenol 0.5% plus salicylic acid 2% cream and benzoyl peroxide 5% gel in the treatment of acne vulgaris: a randomized double-blind study. [2003.01]
A 12-week double-blind randomized study was performed to compare benzoyl peroxide 5% (BP) gel and chloroxylenol 0.5% plus salicylic acid 2% (PCMX + SA) cream (Nisal cream) for efficacy and adverse reactions...
Comparison of botulinum toxin types A and B: a bilateral and double-blind randomized evaluation in the treatment of canthal rhytides. [2003.01]
CONCLUSION: All patients noted rapid and satisfactory reduction in the rhytides in both periocular areas. However, upon unblinding of the solutions at the same volumes with a 1:50 ratio, type B toxin was found to be associated with slightly more discomfort upon injection, quicker onset of action, a sensation of "tightness" of the treated area, and a briefer duration of muscle paralysis.
Comedolysis by a lipohydroxyacid formulation in acne-prone subjects. [2003.01]
Post-summertime exacerbation of acne is not a rare event. This study was conducted to assess the preventive effect of a proprietary formulation containing 2-hydroxy-5-octanoyl benzoic acid on this environmental related disease...
Can patients treat themselves with a small novel light based hair removal system? [2003.01]
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a small, low energy light based system for hair removal, when used by non-healthcare professionals ("patients") for self treatment in home-like environment following instructions and guidance provided by a physician... CONCLUSIONS: With adequate training and instruction, patients may administer self-treatments for hair removal with this small light based unit in a safe and effective manner. Copyright 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Botulinum toxin A: its expanding role in dermatology and esthetics. [2003.01]
The use of botulinum toxin A in cosmetic dermatology has increased in popularity due to the efficacy and relative safety of the treatment... Botulinum toxin A can provide an alternative treatment of palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis when options such as topical agents (aluminum chloride) and iontophoresis have failed.
Botulinum toxin A (Botox Cosmetic): a review of its use in the treatment of glabellar frown lines. [2003.01]
Botox Cosmetic (Botox) is a formulation of the neuromuscular blocking agent botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A). When injected into hyperactive corrugator superciliaris and/or procerus muscles of the face that predominantly control frowning, Botox produces a transient (3- to 6-month), dose-dependent localized muscle weakness, resulting in a temporary improvement in glabellar frown lines ('brow furrows')...
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of vitamin C iontophoresis in melasma. [2003.01]
BACKGROUND: Vitamin C is known to both inhibit melanin formation and reduce oxidized melanin. However, vitamin C does not easily penetrate the skin. In this study, vitamin C iontophoresis was employed in order to enhance vitamin C penetration. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of vitamin C iontophoresis for melasma patients... CONCLUSION: Vitamin C iontophoresis may be an effective treatment modality for melasma. Copyright 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel
A randomized, double-blind, multicenter, parallel group study to compare relative efficacies of the topical gels 3% erythromycin/5% benzoyl peroxide and 0.025% tretinoin/erythromycin 4% in the treatment of moderate acne vulgaris of the face. [2003.01]
BACKGROUND: Combination treatments for acne vulgaris, such as Benzamycin (3% erythromycin/5% benzoyl peroxide) and Stievamycin (0.025% tretinoin/erythromycin 4%), reduce bacterial growth, which contributes to the inflammatory lesions typical of adolescent acne, and also decrease the epidermal cell compaction which may form the characteristic noninflammatory comedone. Both agents contain erythromycin to reduce the growth of Propionibacterium acnes in skin. Benzoyl peroxide has antibiotic activity as well as anticomedogenic properties. Tretinoin may increase the turnover of epidermal cells and loosen the cells compacted to form comedones. A combination preparation containing the two antibiotics may reduce the development of resistance; the combination preparation containing tretinoin and erythromycin will have an antibiotic effect as well as acting on differentiation... CONCLUSION: In moderate acne vulgaris, 3% erythromycin/5% benzoyl peroxide may provide a greater beneficial effect than 0.025% tretinoin/erythromycin 4%.
585-nm pulsed dye laser in the treatment of surgical scars starting on the suture removal day. [2003.01]
BACKGROUND: The optimal time frame to improve the quality and cosmetic appearance of scars by laser therapy has not been clearly elucidated by prior controlled clinical trials. OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of the 585-nm pulsed dye laser (PDL) in the treatment of surgical scars starting on the day of suture removal... CONCLUSION: The 585-nm PDL is effective and safe in improving the quality and cosmetic appearance of surgical scars in skin types I-IV starting on the day of suture removal.
Topical acne drugs: review of clinical properties, systemic exposure, and safety. [2003]
This review examines the commonly available topical acne agents and factors that determine their percutaneous absorption.
Tobacco smoke extract induces age-related changes due to modulation of TGF-beta. [2003]
We have recently shown that tobacco smoking, like ultraviolet A radiation, is an important factor contributing to premature skin aging... This paper shows the evidence for the role of tobacco smoking in skin aging and describes how modulation of TGF-beta1 levels might retard premature skin aging.
The rationale for using a topical retinoid for inflammatory acne. [2003]
Both comedogenesis and the development of inflammatory lesions in acne vulgaris appear to be related to genetic as well as immune processes.Optimal therapy for inflammatory acne would involve the use of topical retinoids or retinoid analogs combined with oral or topical antibacterials.
The combined use of oral and topical lipophilic antioxidants increases their levels both in sebum and stratum corneum. [2003]
The concentration of Vitamin E (vit E) and ubiquinone (CoQ10), which together with squalene (SQ), play a key role against external oxidative insult, has been shown to decrease significantly during ageing... Therefore topical application of the antioxidants was able to increase their level in sebum, while the concomitant oral administration also affected the levels of vit E and CoQ10 in the stratum corneum.
Pharmacokinetics of tazarotene cream 0.1% after a single dose and after repeat topical applications at clinical or exaggerated application rates in patients with acne vulgaris or photodamaged skin. [2003]
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of tazarotene cream 0.1% under standard (face only) or exaggerated (15% body surface area, including the face) application conditions after a single dose and after repeat topical applications once daily to patients with acne vulgaris or photodamaged skin... CONCLUSIONS: The pharmacokinetics of tazarotene cream 0.1% in patients with acne vulgaris or photodamaged skin are similar. The maximum average plasma concentrations of tazarotenic acid after topical application of tazarotene cream 0.1% to the face were less than 0.25 microg/L. The maximum average plasma concentrations of tazarotenic acid following application to an exaggerated body surface area (15%) were less than 1.8 microg/L.
Optimizing treatment with topical tazarotene. [2003]
Tazarotene is a receptor-selective retinoid, which is efficacious in the treatment of patients with psoriasis, acne vulgaris, and photoaging... They are most common during the first 1-2 weeks of therapy and can be minimized with use of the cream formulation, alternate day application, short contact therapy, mild cleansers, and combination therapy.
Natural and photo-induced aging of the skin: the three dimensional culture approach [2003]
Human skin is a complex multifunctional organ which covers and surrounds the whole body ensuring a key function of protection against external injuries.
Facial rhytides--subsurfacing or resurfacing? A review. [2003]
CONCLUSIONS: After critical review and assessment of current literature on the treatment of rhytides, we have found that non-ablative methods do not appear to be a comparable alternative to ablative skin resurfacing in terms of their efficacy and side effects.
Botulinum toxin A: its expanding role in dermatology and esthetics. [2003]
The use of botulinum toxin A in cosmetic dermatology has increased in popularity due to the efficacy and relative safety of the treatment... Botulinum toxin A can provide an alternative treatment of palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis when options such as topical agents (aluminum chloride) and iontophoresis have failed.
Antihirsutism activity of Fennel (fruits of Foeniculum vulgare) extract. A double-blind placebo controlled study. [2003]
Idiopathic hirsutism is defined as the occurrence of excessive male pattern hair growth in women who have a normal ovulatory menstrual cycle and normal levels of serum androgens... The mean values of hair diameter reduction was 7.8%, 18.3% and -0.5% for patients receiving the creams containing 1%, 2% and 0% (placebo) respectively.
[Histological changes elicited by hair removal lasers] [2002.12]
Several different laser systems are currently used to remove unwanted hairs. In this study, we studied follicular changes following hair removal with ruby or alexandrite lasers at different fluences... In this study, the histological changes following treatment with a ruby or an alexandrite laser at the same fluence were considered to be similar.
What is nonablative photorejuvenation of human skin? [2002.12]
Nonablative photorejuvenation has become an integral procedure in the emerging discipline of laser dermatologic surgery. The objective is to confine selectively, without any epidermal damage, thermal injury to the papillary, and upper reticular dermis leading to fibroblast activation and synthesis of new collagen and extracellular matrix material.
Rejuvenation of photoaged skin: 5 years results with intense pulsed light of the face, neck, and chest. [2002.12]
BACKGROUND: Photorejuvenation involves the use of lasers or light sources to reverse signs of photoaging. Multiple devices have been shown to be effective over the short-term. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the long-term clinical results on the face, neck and chest at 4 years using filtered flashlamp intense pulsed light (IPL) for treatment of photoaging changes of telangiectasias, dyspigmentation, and rough skin texture... CONCLUSION: Signs of photoaging including telangiectasias and mottled pigmentation of the face, neck, and chest, can be improved by IPL with a long-lasting result. Minimal or no downtime with minimal adverse effects can be achieved with the settings reported. Skin textural smoothing, although not easily quantified, is an additional benefit observed long-term.
Bilateral, double-blind, randomized comparison of 3 doses of botulinum toxin type A and placebo in patients with crow's feet. [2002.12]
BACKGROUND: Optimum dosing for botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) in crow's feet remains to be defined. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to compare the efficacy and safety of 3 doses of BTX-A and placebo in patients with crow's feet... CONCLUSION: BTX-A is a safe and effective treatment for crow's feet. Benefits are more sustained with repeat treatment.
UVR-induced oxidative stress in human skin in vivo: effects of oral vitamin C supplementation. [2002.11.15]
Previous studies of cultured skin cells and murine skin in vivo have indicated that UVR-induced damage involves the generation of reactive oxygen species and depletion of endogenous antioxidant systems. In order to explore the relevance of this to UVR-induced damage to human skin, we have undertaken a detailed examination of the time-course of changes in markers of oxidative stress in human skin following exposure to physiological amounts of UVR in vivo...
Removal of unwanted facial hair. [2002.11.15]
Unwanted facial hair is a common problem that is seldom discussed in the primary care setting. Although men occasionally request removal of unwanted facial hair, women most often seek help with this condition.Family physicians can properly educate patients and recommend treatment for this common condition if they are armed with basic knowledge about the treatment options.
Randomized placebo-controlled trial of metronidazole 1% cream with sunscreen SPF 15 in treatment of rosacea. [2002.11]
BACKGROUND: Rosacea is a photoaggravated dermatosis responsive to treatment with topical and oral antibiotics. A formulation combining metronidazole 1% cream with sunscreen SPF 15 was developed for the treatment of rosacea. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of a formulation combining metronidazole 1% cream with sunscreen SPF 15 in the treatment of moderate to severe rosacea... CONCLUSIONS: The combined topical formulation of metronidazole 1% cream with sunscreen SPF 15 was an effective, well-tolerated topical agent for the treatment of moderate to severe rosacea.
Efficacy of 0.1% tazarotene cream for the treatment of photodamage: a 12-month multicenter, randomized trial. [2002.11]
OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy and safety of 0.1% tazarotene cream for the treatment of photodamage... CONCLUSIONS: Once-daily applications of 0.1% tazarotene cream significantly reduced multiple signs of photodamage. Plasma levels of tazarotenic acid remained below those of endogenous retinoids.
Clinical efficacy of devices for nonablative photorejuvenation. [2002.11]
CONCLUSIONS: The studies reviewed failed to present consistent data on the efficacy of nonablative photorejuvenation to improve or eliminate rhytids. The field is early in development, and continued improvement and standardization of study design are needed to determine the efficacy of these interventions.
Rejuvenation of the aging lip with an injectable acellular dermal graft (Cymetra). [2002.10]
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of Cymetra (micronized AlloDerm tissue) in rejuvenating the aging and atrophic lip. PATIENTS: Forty-four patients aged 32 to 80 years who reported age-related changes in the size and contour of the upper lip... CONCLUSIONS: Cymetra is a suspension of particulate dermal matrix that seems to increase the upper lip bulk, vermilion, and lower lip projection after a threshold of Cymetra has been administered. There are few differences in any measured long-term (3 months after treatment) variables until the 12-month visit, when there were statistically significantly more Cymetra-treated patients with improved lip aesthetics than those treated with Zyplast. With repeated treatments, Cymetra seems to accumulate, producing a long-term effect superior to Zyplast in many patients.
Modifications of eyebrow position with botulinum exotoxin A. [2002.10]
OBJECTIVE: To determine if clinically used botulinum exotoxin A (Botox) injections to the forehead and glabellar and crow's-feet regions result in modifications of eyebrow position... CONCLUSIONS: Botulinum exotoxin A injections into the forehead and glabellar, and crow's-feet regions did not significantly change the resting eyebrow position. However, forehead injections contributed to eyebrow depression in the active state.
Intrinsic aging vs. photoaging: a comparative histopathological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study of skin. [2002.10]
Cutaneous aging is a complex biological phenomenon affecting the different constituents of the skin. To compare the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic aging processes, a total of 83 biopsies were collected from sun-exposed and protected skin of healthy volunteers representing decades from the 1st to the 9th (6-84 years of age)...
Influence of flavonoids and vitamins on the MMP- and TIMP-expression of human dermal fibroblasts after UVA irradiation. [2002.10]
UV irradiation leads to distinct changes in skin connective tissue by degradation of collagen, for example. Many of these alterations in the extracellular matrix are mediated by MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases) with reduced content of their antagonist TIMPs (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases)...
Evaluation of a long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser at different parameters: an analysis of both fluence and pulse duration. [2002.10]
BACKGROUND: Effective hair removal continues to pose a challenge to the physician. The use of lasers represents a significant advance in epilation, but still requires further refinement. The long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser may offer advantages over other systems because of its significant depth of penetration and minimal absorption by epidermal melanin, but ideal parameters need to be determined. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of a long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser system and determine the optimal parameters for hair removal... CONCLUSION: The long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser is a safe and effective method of hair removal. Increased fluence (60-80 J/cm2) and longer pulse duration (50 msec) settings were generally correlated with reduced hair counts and improved clinical outcome.
Achieving superior resurfacing results with the erbium:YAG laser. [2002.10]
Laser skin resurfacing has become increasingly popular... The erbium:YAG laser is capable of achieving superior resurfacing results, while offering many advantages to the patient, eg, reduced anesthetic requirements, shorter healing time, reduced erythema, less risk of pigmentary change, and more flexibility for resurfacing the skin off of the face.
A retrospective comparison of open and endoscopic brow-lifts. [2002.10]
OBJECTIVES: To measure and compare surgical brow elevation with open and endoscopic techniques; to compare patients who did and did not undergo an eyelid procedure in the same setting as the brow-lift; and to determine whether a learning curve exists for a successful endoscopic brow-lift procedure... CONCLUSIONS: Both open and endoscopic brow-lift techniques described herein elevate the entire brow successfully. We found no statistical difference in patients undergoing concomitant eyelid procedures, and there was no identification of a "learning curve" for a successful endoscopic brow-lift with the surgical technique described.
Treatment response of keloidal and hypertrophic sternotomy scars: comparison among intralesional corticosteroid, 5-fluorouracil, and 585-nm flashlamp-pumped pulsed-dye laser treatments. [2002.09]
OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical response of keloidal and hypertrophic scars after treatment with intralesional corticosteroid alone or combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), 5-FU alone, and the 585-nm flashlamp-pumped pulsed-dye laser (PDL)... CONCLUSIONS: Clinical improvement of keloidal and hypertrophic scars after treatment with intralesional corticosteroid alone or combined with 5-FU, 5-FU alone, and PDL seemed comparable, with the exceptions of the incidence of adverse reactions, which were most common with intralesional corticosteroid. Intralesional 5-FU is comparable to the other therapies.
Topical adapalene gel 0.1% vs. isotretinoin gel 0.05% in the treatment of acne vulgaris: a randomized open-label clinical trial. [2002.09]
BACKGROUND: Topical application of isotretinoin and adapalene has proved effective in treating acne vulgaris. Both drugs demonstrate therapeutic advantages and less irritancy over tretinoin, the most widely used treatment for acne. They both act as retinoid agonists, but differ in their affinity profile for nuclear and cytosolic retinoic acid receptors. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and tolerability of adapalene gel 0.1% and isotretinoin gel 0.05% in the treatment of acne vulgaris of the face, in a randomized open-label clinical trial... CONCLUSIONS: The two gels studied demonstrated comparable efficacy. When adapalene and isotretinoin were compared, significantly lower skin irritation was noted with adapalene, indicating that adapalene may begin a new era of treatment with low-irritant retinoids.
Photoprotection of UV-irradiated human skin: an antioxidative combination of vitamins E and C, carotenoids, selenium and proanthocyanidins. [2002.09]
Endogenous antioxidants are decreased in skin and blood during UV exposure. Combined supplementation of beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid in addition to topical sunscreens may help to lower the risk of sunburning... This might be important for future recommendations for immediate suppression of the early phase of UV-induced erythema, that means pharmacological prevention of sunburn reaction as well as subsequent chronic skin damage.
Nonablative laser skin resurfacing using a 1540 nm erbium glass laser: a clinical and histologic analysis. [2002.09]
BACKGROUND: A variety of laser systems have recently become available that allow for selective dermal remodeling without disruption of the epidermal surface. Modest clinical improvement in mild to moderate photoinduced facial rhytides with minimal morbidity is typical of these nonablative lasers, providing a significant advantage over traditional ablative laser systems. OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical and histologic effects of a novel 1540 nm erbium glass laser on facial rhytides... CONCLUSIONS: The nonablative 1540 nm erbium glass laser system with contact cooling produces gradual clinical and histologic improvement in mild to moderate facial rhytides with minimal risk of serious adverse sequelae.
Long-term prospective follow-up of botulinum toxin treatment for facial rhytides. [2002.09]
Some wrinkles and unsightly facial expressions are due to hyperactivity of the underlying facial musculature...
Evidence supporting zinc as an important antioxidant for skin. [2002.09]
Antioxidants play a critical role in keeping skin healthy. The antioxidant benefits of vitamin C and E are well known, but the importance of the trace mineral, zinc, has been overlooked... No matter how they work, topical zinc ions may provide an important and helpful antioxidant defense for skin.
Efficacy of a low-dose oral contraceptive containing 20 microg of ethinyl estradiol and 100 microg of levonorgestrel for the treatment of moderate acne: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. [2002.09]
BACKGROUND: Acne is a multifactorial disease in which androgens appear to play an important role. A low-dose oral contraceptive containing 20 microg of ethinyl estradiol and 100 microg of levonorgestrel (EE/LNG) has been shown to improve biochemical markers of androgenicity. Lowering bioavailable androgens may improve acne. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a low-dose oral contraceptive containing 20 microg of EE and 100 microg of LNG for the treatment of moderate acne... CONCLUSION: A low-dose oral contraceptive containing EE/LNG is effective and safe for the treatment of moderate acne.
Clinical evaluation of Double Strength Isotrexin versus Benzamycin in the topical treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris. [2002.09]
BACKGROUND: Topical retinoid therapy has been shown to be an effective means of treating both the inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions of acne vulgaris. AIM: To assess the efficacy and safety of the test product, a gel containing isotretinoin 0.1% w/w and erythromycin 4.0% w/w, with a currently used and effective treatment for mild to moderate acne vulgaris, a gel containing benzoyl peroxide 5.0% w/w and erythromycin 3.0% w/w... CONCLUSIONS: Isotretinoin/erythromycin gel given only once daily showed comparable efficacy with benzoyl peroxide/erythromycin given twice daily in the treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris of the face.
Ultraviolet irradiation alters transforming growth factor beta/smad pathway in human skin in vivo. [2002.08]
Solar ultraviolet irradiation damages human skin and causes premature skin aging and skin cancer. As transforming growth factor beta plays an important role in regulating cell growth and extracellular matrix synthesis, we investigated expression of transforming growth factor beta isoforms, transforming growth factor beta receptors, and transforming growth factor beta regulated Smad transcription factors following irradiation with an ultraviolet B source and solar-simulated ultraviolet irradiation of human skin in vivo...
The effects of topical vitamin K on bruising after laser treatment. [2002.08]
BACKGROUND: Pulsed dye laser treatment and other cosmetic procedures result in significant bruising. Claims have been made regarding the efficacy of topical vitamin K in both preventing and speeding the clearing of bruising; however, well-controlled studies are lacking. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of topical vitamin K versus placebo in the prevention and clearing of laser-induced purpura... CONCLUSION: Although pretreatment with vitamin K did not prevent bruising after laser treatment, use of vitamin K cream after laser treatment did reduce the severity of bruising, particularly in the initial days of application.
Split face study on the cutaneous tensile effect of 2-dimethylaminoethanol (deanol) gel. [2002.08]
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Beyond subjective assessments, the effect of skin tensors is difficult to assess. The present 2-phase randomized double-blind split face study was designed to compare the effect of a gel containing 3% 2-dimethylaminoethanol (deanol, DMAE) with the same formulation without DMAE... CONCLUSION: The DMAE formulation under investigation increased skin firmness.
Photodynamic photorejuvenation. [2002.08]
BACKGROUND: The visible signs of photodamage are characterized by wrinkling, coarse skin texture, pigmentation alterations, telangiectases, and in some case actinic keratosis (AKs). Intense pulsed light (IPL) photorejuvenation has been shown to improve each of the different components of photodamaged skin except AKs. OBJECTIVE: To present photodynamic therapy with topical 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA-PDT) using IPL as a light source for treatment of AK in patients having IPL photorejuvenation... CONCLUSION: This study describes a new application of IPL technology. Patients who are candidates for photorejuvenation procedures presenting with AKs can now have AKs treated as part of the photorejuvenation process rather than necessitating separate topical therapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or cryotherapy. In addition, many patients with AKs may benefit from the combination treatment with 5-ALA and IPL.
New indications for botulinum toxin type A in cosmetics: mouth and neck. [2002.08]
Botulinum toxin type A is frequently used to smooth hyperkinetic lines in the periocular and forehead areas of the upper face, but it has been used less frequently for indications in the lower face and neck. This study was designed to determine whether botulinum toxin treatment of the mouth and neck areas is as clinically successful as the treatment of the upper face...
Gross and microscopic findings in patients submitted to nonablative full-face resurfacing using intense pulsed light: a preliminary study. [2002.08]
BACKGROUND: Intense pulsed light (IPL) is a noncoherent, nonlaser, filtered flashlamp emitting a broadband visible light that has been shown to be effective in photoepilation, as well as in a number of vascular and pigmented lesions of the skin. Their efficacy has also been reported recently in the treatment of photodamaged facial skin. In the last condition, however, there are few studies showing the clinical and microscopic changes produced by IPL. OBJECTIVE: To assess the gross and microscopic changes that occur in photodamaged skin submitted to nonablative full-face resurfacing (NAFFR) using IPL... CONCLUSION: Facial photodamage was clinically and microscopically improved using IPL. Use of IPL as a rejuvenating method seems to be promising, with minimal side effects, a wide safety margin, and minimal downtime.
A comparison of the relative efficacy of antiandrogens for the treatment of acne in hyperandrogenic women. [2002.08]
CONCLUSIONS: In hyperandrogenic women with moderate to severe acne, low doses of certain antiandrogens appear to be effective. Low and high doses of CPA with ethinylestradiol were equally effective and were comparable to the effects of a low dose of flutamide. Finasteride was less beneficial.
Treatment of atrophic facial acne scars with a dual-mode Er:YAG laser. [2002.07]
BACKGROUND: Scar revision with CO2 and Er:YAG lasers has become popular in recent years. Reports on the newest (modulated, dual-mode) Er:YAG systems have been limited mostly to the treatment of photodamaged skin and rhytides. OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of a dual-mode 2940 nm Er:YAG laser for atrophic scar revision... CONCLUSION: Dual-mode Er:YAG laser skin resurfacing is a safe and effective modality for the treatment of atrophic facial scarring.
The effect of niacinamide on reducing cutaneous pigmentation and suppression of melanosome transfer. [2002.07]
BACKGROUND: Cutaneous hyperpigmentation occurs in multiple conditions. In addition, many Asian women desire a lighter skin colour. Thus, there is a need for the development of skin lightening agents. Niacinamide is a possible candidate. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of niacinamide on melanogenesis in vitro and on facial hyperpigmentation and skin colour in vivo in Japanese women... CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest niacinamide is an effective skin lightening compound that works by inhibiting melanosome transfer from melanocytes to keratinocytes.
Randomised, controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of adapalene gel 0.1% and tretinoin cream 0.05% in patients with acne vulgaris. [2002.07]
BACKGROUND: Previous clinical trials have shown that adapalene gel produces less irritation than tretinoin gels and tretinoin 0.025% cream. Short term results have shown that adapalene is less irritating than tretinoin gels and creams. This study is the first to compare the 0.1% formulation of adapalene gel with the 0.05% strength of tretinoin cream in a formal clinical trial. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and tolerability of adapalene gel 0.1% compared with tretinoin cream 0.05% in patients with mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris... CONCLUSION: Adapalene gel 0.1% showed equivalent efficacy and was significantly better tolerated than tretinoin cream 0.05% in patients with mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris.
Effect of glycolic acid on UVB-induced skin damage and inflammation in guinea pigs. [2002.07]
CONCLUSION: These results show that glycolic acid causes skin damage in a dose- and time-dependent manner and that it enhances UVB-induced skin damage without accompanying PGE(2) production or COX-2 protein expression. Therefore, caution should be exercised by those using glycolic acid on a chronic basis or excessively. Moreover, those with photosensitive skins and those more exposed to the sun should be particularly careful. [Copyright 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel].
Botulinum toxin B: the new option in cosmetic injection. [2002.07]
Botulinum toxin, one of nature's most toxic substances, is the unlikely source of one of cosmetic dermatology's most popular new injectable treatment options. This article describes the physiological and biological workings of the several structurally similar but antigenically distinct serotypes of botulinum toxin, and provides clinical studies comparing and contrasting the key ingredients in Botox, Dysport, and Myobloc (Neurobloc)..
["Skin rejuvenation" by non-ablative laser and light systems. Literature research and overview] [2002.06]
Currently, ablative laser therapy (with CO2/Er:YAG lasers) and deep chemical peeling are effective and promising methods of skin rejuvenation. The induction of collagen synthesis was observed after peelings with trichloroacetic acid or phenol as well as after treatments with the CO2 laser.After critical review and assessment of current literature, we can say that in terms of their efficacy, non-ablative methods are not a comparable alternative to ablative skin resurfacing.
Safety data of injectable nonanimal stabilized hyaluronic acid gel for soft tissue augmentation. [2002.06]
CONCLUSION: According to the reported worldwide adverse events data, hypersensitivity to nonanimal hyaluronic acid gel is the major adverse event and is most likely secondary to impurities of bacterial fermentation. According to data from 2000, the incidence of hypersensitivity appears to be declining after the introduction of a more purified hyaluronic acid raw material.
Glycolic acid peels compared to microdermabrasion: a right-left controlled trial of efficacy and patient satisfaction. [2002.06]
BACKGROUND: Glycolic acid peels and microdermabrasion are widely recommended by dermatologists and others for facial skin rejuvenation, but few studies have assessed their clinical efficacy. OBJECTIVE: To compare the relative efficacy of glycolic acid peels and microdermabrasion for facial skin rejuvenation... CONCLUSION: In this study, patients appeared to prefer low-strength glycolic acid peels to low-intensity microdermabrasion for facial rejuvenation. Differences in patient satisfaction were subtle and may be technique dependent.
Effect of topical benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin versus topical clindamycin and vehicle in the reduction of Propionibacterium acnes. [2002.06]
Propionibacterium acnes is one of the primary factors involved in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris; proliferation of this bacteria is present in all patients with inflammatory lesions. Combination topical therapy with agents that have different but complementary antimicrobial mechanisms of action has the potential to increase efficacy and to prevent the emergence of resistant organisms...
Cervicoplasty and facial laser resurfacing: a paired technique for facial rejuvenation. [2002.06]
OBJECTIVE: A specific group of patients interested in facial rejuvenation was identified in a plastic surgery practice. These patients were primarily concerned with improving their neck contour and correcting their facial rhytides. To address those problems a one-stage paired technique was designed - cervicoplasty with full-face laser resurfacing... CONCLUSIONS: Combining cervicoplasty with full-face laser resurfacing is a safe, effective procedure that provides another option in the realm of facial rejuvenation.
A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of glabellar lines. [2002.06]
BACKGROUND: Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) is widely used for facial esthetics but is incompletely studied. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of BTX-A treatment of glabellar lines... CONCLUSION: BTX-A injections are safe and effective in reducing the severity of glabellar lines.
Skin ageing: clinical and histopathologic study of permanent and reducible wrinkles. [2002.05]
Wrinkles are modifications of the skin associated with cutaneous ageing and develop preferentially on sun-exposed skin. The aim of the study was to analyse the clinicopathological features of wrinkles, among the different types of skin relief modifications... These data suggest that the development of wrinkles could be secondary to actinic elastosis and to the disappearance of microfibrils and collagen fibers at the dermal-epidermal junction.
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