Lymecycline in the treatment of acne: an efficacious, safe and cost-effective alternative to minocycline. [2003.03]
A comparison of efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of lymecycline and minocycline in the treatment of acne vulgaris has been addressed. This was a multicenter, randomized, investigator-masked, parallel group trial involving patients with moderate to moderately severe acne vulgaris, receiving either lymecycline or minocycline for 12 weeks...
Antibiotic-resistant acne: lessons from Europe. [2003.03]
BACKGROUND: Propionibacterium acnes and P. granulosum are widely regarded as the aetiological agents of inflammatory acne. Their proliferation and metabolism are controlled using lengthy courses of oral and/or topical antibiotics. Despite numerous reports of skin colonization by antibiotic-resistant propionibacteria among acne patients, accurate prevalence data are available only for the U.K. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of skin colonization by antibiotic-resistant propionibacteria among acne patients and their contacts from six European centres... CONCLUSIONS: The widespread use of topical formulations of erythromycin and clindamycin to treat acne has resulted in significant dissemination of cross-resistant strains of propionibacteria. Resistance rates to the orally administered tetracycline group of antibiotics were low, except in Sweden and the U.K. Resistant genotypes originally identified in the U.K. are distributed widely throughout Europe. Antibiotic-resistant propionibacteria should be considered transmissible between acne-prone individuals, and dermatologists should use stricter cross-infection control measures when assessing acne in the clinic.
Acne: evolution of the clinical practice and therapeutic management of acne between 1996 and 2000. [2003.03]
According to epidemiological studies, acne is a common condition affecting 80% of young people between 12 and 18 years of age... The frequency of biological investigations remained similar and low.
The use of lymecycline in the treatment of moderate to severe acne vulgaris: a comparison of the efficacy and safety of two dosing regimens. [2003.01]
We compared the efficacy and safety of lymecycline 300 mg od vs lymecycline 150 mg bid or placebo in the treatment of moderate to severe acne. 271 patients received either oral lymecycline 300 mg od + placebo od, lymecycline 150 mg bid, or placebo bid, for 12 weeks... This new, once daily formulation could potentially contribute towards improved compliance rates with oral tetracyclines.
Pharmacokinetics of tazarotene cream 0.1% after a single dose and after repeat topical applications at clinical or exaggerated application rates in patients with acne vulgaris or photodamaged skin. [2003.01]
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of tazarotene cream 0.1% under standard (face only) or exaggerated (15% body surface area, including the face) application conditions after a single dose and after repeat topical applications once daily to patients with acne vulgaris or photodamaged skin... CONCLUSIONS: The pharmacokinetics of tazarotene cream 0.1% in patients with acne vulgaris or photodamaged skin are similar. The maximum average plasma concentrations of tazarotenic acid after topical application of tazarotene cream 0.1% to the face were less than 0.25 microg/L. The maximum average plasma concentrations of tazarotenic acid following application to an exaggerated body surface area (15%) were less than 1.8 microg/L.
Efficacy and safety of stabilised hydrogen peroxide cream (Crystacide) in mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris: a randomised, controlled trial versus benzoyl peroxide gel. [2003.01]
CONCLUSIONS: HPS has shown to be as effective as BP in reducing both inflammatory and noninflammatory AV lesions in patients with mild-to-moderate disease. In comparison with BP 4% gel, HPS cream shows a better local tolerability profile.
Comparison of chloroxylenol 0.5% plus salicylic acid 2% cream and benzoyl peroxide 5% gel in the treatment of acne vulgaris: a randomized double-blind study. [2003.01]
A 12-week double-blind randomized study was performed to compare benzoyl peroxide 5% (BP) gel and chloroxylenol 0.5% plus salicylic acid 2% (PCMX + SA) cream (Nisal cream) for efficacy and adverse reactions...
Comedolysis by a lipohydroxyacid formulation in acne-prone subjects. [2003.01]
Post-summertime exacerbation of acne is not a rare event. This study was conducted to assess the preventive effect of a proprietary formulation containing 2-hydroxy-5-octanoyl benzoic acid on this environmental related disease...
A randomized, double-blind, multicenter, parallel group study to compare relative efficacies of the topical gels 3% erythromycin/5% benzoyl peroxide and 0.025% tretinoin/erythromycin 4% in the treatment of moderate acne vulgaris of the face. [2003.01]
BACKGROUND: Combination treatments for acne vulgaris, such as Benzamycin (3% erythromycin/5% benzoyl peroxide) and Stievamycin (0.025% tretinoin/erythromycin 4%), reduce bacterial growth, which contributes to the inflammatory lesions typical of adolescent acne, and also decrease the epidermal cell compaction which may form the characteristic noninflammatory comedone. Both agents contain erythromycin to reduce the growth of Propionibacterium acnes in skin. Benzoyl peroxide has antibiotic activity as well as anticomedogenic properties. Tretinoin may increase the turnover of epidermal cells and loosen the cells compacted to form comedones. A combination preparation containing the two antibiotics may reduce the development of resistance; the combination preparation containing tretinoin and erythromycin will have an antibiotic effect as well as acting on differentiation... CONCLUSION: In moderate acne vulgaris, 3% erythromycin/5% benzoyl peroxide may provide a greater beneficial effect than 0.025% tretinoin/erythromycin 4%.
Topical acne drugs: review of clinical properties, systemic exposure, and safety. [2003]
This review examines the commonly available topical acne agents and factors that determine their percutaneous absorption.
The rationale for using a topical retinoid for inflammatory acne. [2003]
Both comedogenesis and the development of inflammatory lesions in acne vulgaris appear to be related to genetic as well as immune processes.Optimal therapy for inflammatory acne would involve the use of topical retinoids or retinoid analogs combined with oral or topical antibacterials.
Topical adapalene gel 0.1% vs. isotretinoin gel 0.05% in the treatment of acne vulgaris: a randomized open-label clinical trial. [2002.09]
BACKGROUND: Topical application of isotretinoin and adapalene has proved effective in treating acne vulgaris. Both drugs demonstrate therapeutic advantages and less irritancy over tretinoin, the most widely used treatment for acne. They both act as retinoid agonists, but differ in their affinity profile for nuclear and cytosolic retinoic acid receptors. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and tolerability of adapalene gel 0.1% and isotretinoin gel 0.05% in the treatment of acne vulgaris of the face, in a randomized open-label clinical trial... CONCLUSIONS: The two gels studied demonstrated comparable efficacy. When adapalene and isotretinoin were compared, significantly lower skin irritation was noted with adapalene, indicating that adapalene may begin a new era of treatment with low-irritant retinoids.
Efficacy of a low-dose oral contraceptive containing 20 microg of ethinyl estradiol and 100 microg of levonorgestrel for the treatment of moderate acne: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. [2002.09]
BACKGROUND: Acne is a multifactorial disease in which androgens appear to play an important role. A low-dose oral contraceptive containing 20 microg of ethinyl estradiol and 100 microg of levonorgestrel (EE/LNG) has been shown to improve biochemical markers of androgenicity. Lowering bioavailable androgens may improve acne. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a low-dose oral contraceptive containing 20 microg of EE and 100 microg of LNG for the treatment of moderate acne... CONCLUSION: A low-dose oral contraceptive containing EE/LNG is effective and safe for the treatment of moderate acne.
Clinical evaluation of Double Strength Isotrexin versus Benzamycin in the topical treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris. [2002.09]
BACKGROUND: Topical retinoid therapy has been shown to be an effective means of treating both the inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions of acne vulgaris. AIM: To assess the efficacy and safety of the test product, a gel containing isotretinoin 0.1% w/w and erythromycin 4.0% w/w, with a currently used and effective treatment for mild to moderate acne vulgaris, a gel containing benzoyl peroxide 5.0% w/w and erythromycin 3.0% w/w... CONCLUSIONS: Isotretinoin/erythromycin gel given only once daily showed comparable efficacy with benzoyl peroxide/erythromycin given twice daily in the treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris of the face.
A comparison of the relative efficacy of antiandrogens for the treatment of acne in hyperandrogenic women. [2002.08]
CONCLUSIONS: In hyperandrogenic women with moderate to severe acne, low doses of certain antiandrogens appear to be effective. Low and high doses of CPA with ethinylestradiol were equally effective and were comparable to the effects of a low dose of flutamide. Finasteride was less beneficial.
Randomised, controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of adapalene gel 0.1% and tretinoin cream 0.05% in patients with acne vulgaris. [2002.07]
BACKGROUND: Previous clinical trials have shown that adapalene gel produces less irritation than tretinoin gels and tretinoin 0.025% cream. Short term results have shown that adapalene is less irritating than tretinoin gels and creams. This study is the first to compare the 0.1% formulation of adapalene gel with the 0.05% strength of tretinoin cream in a formal clinical trial. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and tolerability of adapalene gel 0.1% compared with tretinoin cream 0.05% in patients with mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris... CONCLUSION: Adapalene gel 0.1% showed equivalent efficacy and was significantly better tolerated than tretinoin cream 0.05% in patients with mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris.
Effect of topical benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin versus topical clindamycin and vehicle in the reduction of Propionibacterium acnes. [2002.06]
Propionibacterium acnes is one of the primary factors involved in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris; proliferation of this bacteria is present in all patients with inflammatory lesions. Combination topical therapy with agents that have different but complementary antimicrobial mechanisms of action has the potential to increase efficacy and to prevent the emergence of resistant organisms...
Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant propionibacteria on the skin of acne patients: 10-year surveillance data and snapshot distribution study. [2002.05]
BACKGROUND: Cutaneous propionibacteria are implicated in acne pathogenesis, although their exact role in the genesis of inflammation is still poorly understood. Agents, including antibiotics, that reduce the numbers of propionibacteria on skin are therapeutic. Resistance in the target organism is a well-recognized consequence of antibiotic therapy for acne but formal prevalence and distribution data are lacking. OBJECTIVES: To monitor the prevalence of skin colonization by antibiotic-resistant propionibacteria in acne patients attending the dermatology out-patient clinic at Leeds General Infirmary over a 10-year period beginning in 1991, and to examine the distribution of resistant strains on acne-prone skin and in the nares... CONCLUSIONS: Skin colonization with antibiotic-resistant propionibacteria is much more common now than a decade ago. Resistant propionibacteria are widely distributed on acne-prone skin and in the nares. This suggests that they will be very difficult to eradicate using existing therapeutic regimens, especially from the nasal reservoir.
A randomized, parallel, vehicle-controlled comparison of two erythromycin/benzoyl peroxide preparations for acne vulgaris. [2002.05]
BACKGROUND: Topical erythromycin/benzoyl peroxide (EBP), marketed for acne treatment, must be compounded by a pharmacist and requires subsequent refrigeration, warranting the development of alternate formulations. OBJECTIVE: This trial compared the efficacy and tolerability of a single-use EBP combination package (EBP Pak) with those of its matching vehicle control (VC Pak) and the original, reconstituted formulation packaged in a jar (EBP Jar). The matching VC for the original formulation (VC Jar) was used to achieve study blinding... CONCLUSIONS: Results of this 8-week trial demonstrate that the single-use combination package of EBP is well tolerated, effective, and comparable to the original formulation for the treatment of acne vulgaris in this selected patient population.
Treatment of acne by isotretinoin (general course) [2002.04.15]
Acne is a chronic disease which evolves under periodic eruptions.
The effect of 2 combined oral Contraceptives containing either drospirenone or cyproterone acetate on acne and seborrhea. [2002.04]
A new oral contraceptive has been developed that contains a unique progestogen, drospirenone (DRSP), and that has both antiandrogenic and antimineralocorticoid activity. Our objective was to compare the effect of 30 microg ethinyl estradiol (EE)/3 mg DRSP (EE/DRSP; Yasmin, Schering AG, Berlin, Germany) with that of 35 microg EE/2 mg cyproterone acetate (EE/CPA; Diane-35, Schering AG, Berlin, Germany) on mild-to-moderate cases of acne...
Successful treatment of acne vulgaris using a new method: results of a randomized vehicle-controlled trial of short-contact therapy with 0.1% tazarotene gel. [2002.04]
CONTEXT: Short-contact application of 0.1% tazarotene gel for acne was devised to minimize local adverse effects. Its efficacy and safety are unknown. OBJECTIVES: To assess acne improvement and tolerability during 12 weeks of short-contact treatment with 0.1% tazarotene gel vs a nonmedicated gel control... CONCLUSION: Short-contact 0.1% tazarotene gel therapy is a safe and effective new method of acne treatment.
Lymecycline and minocycline in inflammatory acne: a randomized, double-blind intent-to-treat study on clinical and in vivo antibacterial efficacy. [2002.03]
CONCLUSION: In this trial, minocycline 100/50 mg was superior for the treatment of inflammatory acne when compared to lymecycline 300 mg and minocycline 50 mg. Copyright 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel
Optimizing the use of tazarotene for the treatment of facial acne vulgaris through combination therapy. [2002.02]
A multicenter, investigator-masked, randomized, parallel-group study was performed in 440 patients with mild-to-moderate facial acne vulgaris to compare the efficacy and tolerability of tazarotene monotherapy with 3 combination regimens--tazarotene plus benzoyl peroxide gel, tazarotene plus erythromycin/benzoyl peroxide gel, and tazarotene plus clindamycin phosphate lotion...
Once-daily tazarotene 0.1 % gel versus once-daily tretinoin 0.1 % microsponge gel for the treatment of facial acne vulgaris: a double-blind randomized trial [2002.02]
The efficacy and tolerability of tazarotene 0.1% gel and tretinoin 0.1% microsponge gel were evaluated in a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study in patients with mild-to-moderate inflammatory facial acne vulgaris. A total of 169 patients were randomized to once-daily applications of one of these topical retinoids for 12 weeks...
A multicenter, double-blind, randomized comparison study of the efficacy and tolerability of once-daily tazarotene 0.1% gel and adapalene 0.1% gel for the treatment of facial acne vulgaris. [2002.02]
The efficacy and tolerability of tazarotene 0.1% gel and adapalene 0.1% gel were compared in a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study in 145 patients with mild-to-moderate facial acne vulgaris. Both treatments were applied once daily in the evenings for up to 12 weeks... In conclusion, tazarotene 0.1% gel was more effective than adapalene 0.1% gel and was also a more cost-effective treatment option.
The antibacterial activity of topical retinoids: the case of retinaldehyde. [2002.01]
BACKGROUND: Retinoids such as retinoic acid (RA), retinol (ROL) and retinaldehyde (RAL) are currently used in many formulations and indications ranging form acne to skin aging. Most if not all their pharmacological activities occur through binding to nuclear receptors with subsequent modulation of the activities of several genes. Little attention has been given to the many other potential actions on the surface of the skin. AIM: To analyse the potential anti-infective activities of topical ROL, RAL and RA... CONCLUSION: We have shown that RAL differs from parent natural retinoids such as ROL and RA in demonstrating significant antibacterial activities upon topical use. This activity is likely due to the aldehyde group in the isoprenoic lateral chain, which illustrates the potential bifunctional properties of some retinoids. Copyright 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel
Bacterial resistance and therapeutic outcome following three months of topical acne therapy with 2% erythromycin gel versus its vehicle. [2002.01]
Two-hundred-and-eight acne vulgaris patients were enrolled in a 24-week study to determine the bacterial resistance issues associated with the use of a topical 2% erythromycin gel. It consisted of a 12-week randomized, double-blind, parallel-group treatment phase comparing the active gel versus its vehicle followed by a 12-week single-blind regression phase with gel vehicle only...
Bacterial resistance and therapeutic outcome following three months of topical acne therapy with 2% erythromycin gel versus its vehicle. [2002]
Two-hundred-and-eight acne vulgaris patients were enrolled in a 24-week study to determine the bacterial resistance issues associated with the use of a topical 2% erythromycin gel. It consisted of a 12-week randomized, double-blind, parallel-group treatment phase comparing the active gel versus its vehicle followed by a 12-week single-blind regression phase with gel vehicle only...
Comparison of combined azelaic acid cream plus oral minocycline with oral isotretinoin in severe acne. [2001.11]
BACKGROUND/AIMS: The primary aim of the study was to establish the clinical efficacy and safety of a combined treatment consisting of topical 20% azelaic acid (AA) cream and the oral antibiotic minocycline in the therapy of severe inflammatory acne (nodular papulopustular acne and acne conglobata) in a comparison with oral isotretinoin therapy. The secondary aim was to establish the value of AA cream as maintenance therapy in the prevention of recurrent acne... CONCLUSION: The combination of topical 20% AA cream and oral minocycline is an highly effective treatment in severe forms of acne. It is better tolerated and associated with fewer risks than oral isotretinoin - in particular, there is no risk of teratogenicity. The combination can be regarded as a valuable alternative in patients for whom isotretinoin is not indicated, who do not wish to use or can not tolerate isotretinoin therapy and particularly in female acne patients of child-bearing potential. Topical 20% AA cream can be used successfully as maintenance therapy to prolong the recurrence-free interval.
Clindamycin phosphate 1% gel in acne vulgaris. [2001.11]
A 12-week study compared Clindagel, a unique water-based gel formulation of clindamycin phosphate 1%, administered once daily, and Cleocin T, a slightly different gel formulation indicated for twice-daily use, in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Clindagel was safe and effective and equivalent to Cleocin T gel, albeit with a better tolerability profile.
Randomized, controlled, bilateral (split-face) comparison trial of the tolerability and patient preference of adapalene gel 0.1% and tretinoin microsphere gel 0.1% for the treatment of acne vulgaris. [2001.10]
Poor patient compliance is one of the main reasons for treatment failure in acne. Our objective was to evaluate the tolerability and patient preference of adapalene gel 0.1% compared with tretinoin microsphere gel 0.1% using a randomized, controlled, investigator-masked, bilateral (split-face), 4-week comparative study of the 2 products when applied once daily in 40 patients...
Randomized controlled trial of the tolerability, safety, and efficacy of adapalene gel 0.1% and tretinoin microsphere gel 0.1% for the treatment of acne vulgaris [2001.10]
A prior meta-analysis of 5 randomized controlled trials indicates that adapalene gel 0.1% is as effective as tretinoin gel 0.025% against acne and has greater tolerability. To determine the tolerability and efficacy of adapalene gel 0.1% versus tretinoin microsphere gel 0.1% in 168 patients with acne vulgaris, we conducted a 12-week, multicenter, randomized, controlled, investigator-masked, parallel-group design study.
Efficacy and tolerance of adapalene cream 0.1% compared with its cream vehicle for the treatment of acne vulgaris. [2001.10]
Adapalene gel 0.1% is approved for use in the treatment of acne vulgaris. A new cream formulation, adapalene cream 0.1%, has been developed... Adapalene cream 0.1% also has excellent tolerability and is associated with a low incidence of cutaneous adverse events.
Developments in topical retinoid therapy for acne. [2001.09]
Topical retinoic acid was introduced for acne treatment three decades ago... Current research focused on receptor selectivity holds the promise of yielding new retinoid molecules with improved benefits and safety.
A comparative trial of two retinoids commonly used in the treatment of acne vulgaris. [2001.09]
BACKGROUND: Topical retinoids are highly effective treatments for acne vulgaris. The various formulations and concentrations available allow physicians to tailor therapies to individual patient's needs and minimize the cutaneous irritation that is often observed with the use of these drugs. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of tretinoin gel microsphere 0.1% with adapalene gel 0.1% in the treatment of acne vulgaris... CONCLUSION: Both drugs have similar efficacy in the resolution of acne lesions but tretinoin gel microsphere may result in a faster onset of action in the reduction of comedones compared to adapalene.
A randomized trial of the efficacy of a new micronized formulation versus a standard formulation of isotretinoin in patients with severe recalcitrant nodular acne [2001.08]
BACKGROUND: Isotretinoin is very frequently the drug of choice for the management of severe recalcitrant nodular acne. Recently, a new micronized and more bioavailable formulation of isotretinoin has been developed that permits once-daily administration in lower doses than usually used with standard isotretinoin (Accutane), regardless of whether it is taken with or without food. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine whether micronized isotretinoin and standard isotretinoin are clinically equivalent... CONCLUSION: Once-daily use of the micronized and more bioavailable formulation of isotretinoin under fasted conditions is clinically equivalent to the standard twice-daily formulation under fed conditions in the treatment of severe recalcitrant nodular acne.
Acne scarring: a classification system and review of treatment options [2001.07]
Acne is a common condition experienced by up to 80% of people between 11 and 30 years of age and by up to 5% of older adults.
Efficacy and tolerability of once-daily tazarotene 0.1% gel versus once-daily tretinoin 0.025% gel in the treatment of facial acne vulgaris: a randomized trial. [2001.06]
Tazarotene 0.1% gel and tretinoin 0.025% gel are both effective in the treatment of acne vulgaris...
Comparison of treatment of acne vulgaris with alternate-day applications of tazarotene 0.1% gel and once-daily applications of adapalene 0.1% gel: a randomized trial. [2001.06]
Tazarotene and adapalene are recently introduced topical retinoids that are useful in the treatment of acne vulgaris. The clinical benefits of each drug have now been compared in a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study involving 164 patients with mild-to-moderate facial acne vulgaris...
Comparative study of the efficacy and tolerance of 12% glycolic acid cream and 0.05% retinoic acid cream for polymorphic acne. [2001.06]
CONCLUSION: Glyco A cream could be a good treatment for acne even in dark skin patients.
The use of microdermabrasion for acne: a pilot study. [2001.04]
BACKGROUND: Microdermabrasion is a superficial peeling modality that has become quite popular with our patients and the media. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of microdermabrasion in patients with acne... CONCLUSION: The use of microdermabrasion in this pilot study appeared to produce a positive effect on the improvement of acne
Are 2 combined antimicrobial mechanisms better than 1 for the treatment of acne vulgaris? Clinical and antimicrobial results of a topical combination product containing 1% clindamycin and 5% benzoyl peroxide. Introduction. [2001.02]
Acne vulgaris is the most common chronic skin condition seen by dermatologists... This supplement summarizes the dermatopharmacology, clinical efficacy, and tolerability of this combination gel, along with its potential role in the management of acne vulgaris.
A combination benzoyl peroxide and clindamycin topical gel compared with benzoyl peroxide, clindamycin phosphate, and vehicle in the treatment of acne vulgaris. [2001.02]
A topical gel combining 5% benzoyl peroxide and 1% clindamycin as phosphate was evaluated in a 10-week randomized double-blind trial involving 287 patients with moderate to moderately severe acne. The combination agent demonstrated significantly greater reductions in inflammatory lesions than either of its active constituents (5% benzoyl peroxide and 1% clindamycin) or vehicle when used alone...
Laser punch-out for acne scars. [2001.01]
Patients with acne scars want smooth facial skin. However, achieving this is difficult with dermabrasion or chemical peeling... The laser punch-out method is better than even depth resurfacing for improving deep acne scars and can be combined with the shoulder technique or even depth resurfacing according to the type of acne scar.
A double-blind investigation of the potential systemic absorption of isotretinoin, when combined with chemical sunscreens, following topical application to patients with widespread acne of the face and trunk. [2001.01]
This study assessed the systemic absorption of isotretinoin and its metabolites, during a 4-week application of a cream containing 0.1% isotretinoin and chemical sunscreens, compared with a 4% benzoyl peroxide cream, in patients with acne on the face and trunk... These findings indicated that retinoid absorption from a cream containing 0.1% isotretinoin and chemical sunscreens was clinically insignificant, when applied to patients with widespread acne.
A comparison of adapalene gel 0.1% vs. tretinoin gel 0.025% in the treatment of acne vulgaris in China. [2001.01]
AIM: To compare the efficacy, safety and tolerability of adapalene gel 0.1% vs. tretinoingel 0.025% in a Chinese patient population. BACKGROUND: Although acne vulgaris is a common problem among Asians and Asian-Americans, little has been published on the specific manifestations, sequelae, and treatment-responsiveness of this disorder in Asian skin types. Since Asian skin types tend to be more highly pigmented than those of white people of European descent, many Asians share the predisposition toward postinflammatory hyperpigmentation seen in Africans, African-Americans and other dark-skinned peoples. It is generally assumed that the efficacy and safety of topical retinoids is the same in Asians as in white people. Tretinoin has been available in China for decades; adapalene became available in 1998... CONCLUSIONS: Adapalene offers comparable efficacy to tretinoin, but is less irritating. It represents a good alternative for the treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris in Chinese patients.
The integral role of topical and oral retinoids in the early treatment of acne. [2001]
This article will review the rationale for early use of topical retinoids alone or in combination with topical antimicrobials in light of the pathogenesis of microcomedones and later lesions. Knowledge of the pathogenic processes in acne vulgaris has risen dramatically over the last three decades...
Optimal management of acne to prevent scarring and psychological sequelae. [2001]
Acne vulgaris is one of the most common inflammatory dermatoses and is seen in both the hospital setting and in general practice. Multiple factors are involved in the pathophysiology of acne, including: an alteration in the pattern of keratinization within the pilosebaceous follicles resulting in comedone formation; an increase in sebum production which is influenced by androgens; the proliferation of Propionibacterium acnes; and the production of perifollicular inflammation...
Laser resurfacing for facial acne scars. [2001]
CONCLUSIONS: The lack of good quality evidence does not enable any conclusions to be drawn about the effectiveness of lasers for treating atrophic or ice-pick acne scars. Well designed randomised controlled comparisons of carbon dioxide versus Erbium:YAG laser are urgently needed.
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