The effects of topically applied glycolic acid and salicylic acid on ultraviolet radiation-induced erythema, DNA damage and sunburn cell formation in human skin. [2009.07]
BACKGROUND: alpha-Hydroxy acids (alphaHAs) are reported to reduce signs of aging in the skin and are widely used cosmetic ingredients. Several studies suggest that alphaHA can increase the sensitivity of skin to ultraviolet radiation. More recently, beta-hydroxy acids (betaHAs), or combinations of alphaHA and betaHA have also been incorporated into antiaging skin care products. Concerns have also arisen about increased sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation following use of skin care products containing beta-HA. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether topical treatment with glycolic acid, a representative alphaHA, or with salicylic acid, a betaHA, modifies the short-term effects of solar simulated radiation (SSR) in human skin... CONCLUSIONS: Short-term topical application of glycolic acid in a cosmetic formulation increased the sensitivity of human skin to SSR, while a comparable treatment with salicylic acid did not.
Effects of alpha-hydroxy acids on the human skin of Japanese subjects: the rationale for chemical peeling. [2006.01]
Alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) agents, such as glycolic acid and lactic acid, have been used as therapeutic agents for more than a quarter of a century... Our data suggest that longer treatment intervals with glycolic and lactic acid can cause improvements in both the epidermal and dermal components and support the usefulness of AHA for rejuvenating photo-damaged skin.
The use of polyhydroxy acids (PHAs) in photoaged skin. [2004.02]
The beneficial effects of alpha-hydroxyacids (AHAs) on skin were discovered by Drs... Finally, PHA-containing products were shown to be compatible with African American, Caucasian, and Hispanic/Asian skin and provided significant improvements in photoaging in these populations.
A polyhydroxy acid skin care regimen provides antiaging effects comparable to an alpha-hydroxyacid regimen. [2004.02]
There have been numerous clinical studies conducted to evaluate the beneficial effects of the polyhydroxy acids (PHAs) in skincare. Although there is significant evidence that PHAs provide antiaging effects to skin, a direct comparison between alpha-hydroxyacids (AHAs) and PHAs for these effects has not been conducted...
The effects of an estrogen and glycolic acid cream on the facial skin of postmenopausal women: a randomized histologic study [2003.06]
A prospective, randomized, double-blind study was conducted to determine if estradiol and glycolic acid creams produced a significant reversal of epidermal and dermal markers of aging and if the cumulative effect of the creams was greater than either alone.Although not statistically significant (P = .1), a cumulative effect was seen when estradiol and glycolic acid creams were used in combination.
Topical glycolic acid enhances photodamage by ultraviolet light. [2003.02]
BACKGROUND: Alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs) are widely used as ingredients in cosmetics. Several studies suggest that AHAs can increase the sensitivity of skin to ultraviolet (UV) light. PURPOSE: This study was performed in order to determine whether short-term dermal treatment with glycolic acid, a representative AHA, can enhance the damaging effects of UV light. The duration of the effect of AHAs on the sensitivity of skin to UV light was also examined... CONCLUSION: Short-term application of 10% glycolic acid sensitizes the skin to the damaging effects of UV light. This photosensitivity is reversed within a week of terminating treatments.
Effect of glycolic acid on UVB-induced skin damage and inflammation in guinea pigs. [2002.07]
CONCLUSION: These results show that glycolic acid causes skin damage in a dose- and time-dependent manner and that it enhances UVB-induced skin damage without accompanying PGE(2) production or COX-2 protein expression. Therefore, caution should be exercised by those using glycolic acid on a chronic basis or excessively. Moreover, those with photosensitive skins and those more exposed to the sun should be particularly careful. [Copyright 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel].
Glycolic acid peels compared to microdermabrasion: a right-left controlled trial of efficacy and patient satisfaction. [2002.06]
BACKGROUND: Glycolic acid peels and microdermabrasion are widely recommended by dermatologists and others for facial skin rejuvenation, but few studies have assessed their clinical efficacy. OBJECTIVE: To compare the relative efficacy of glycolic acid peels and microdermabrasion for facial skin rejuvenation... CONCLUSION: In this study, patients appeared to prefer low-strength glycolic acid peels to low-intensity microdermabrasion for facial rejuvenation. Differences in patient satisfaction were subtle and may be technique dependent.
The efficacy of glycolic acid for treating wrinkles: analysis using newly developed facial imaging systems equipped with fluorescent illumination. [2001.08]
The clinical characteristics of photodamaged skin, such as coarse and fine wrinkling, can not be quantitatively evaluated from ordinary photographic records. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of glycolic acid (GA) peeling on facial wrinkling, using computer assisted image analysis...
Topically applied lactic acid increases spontaneous secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor by human reconstructed epidermis. [2001.07]
BACKGROUND: Alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs) are widely used for the treatment of hyperkeratotic skin disorders and photodamaged skin. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of lactic acid (LA) on the secretion of cytokines by keratinocytes (KCs) of human reconstructed epidermis... CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate that the topical application of AHAs modulates the secretion of cytokines by KCs. Regulation of KC-derived growth factors and cytokines by AHAs might represent a mechanism contributing to their therapeutic effects in disorders such as photoageing.
Effects of glycolic acid on light-induced skin pigmentation in Asian and caucasian subjects. [2000.08]
BACKGROUND: Topical use of alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) may increase skin photosensitivity, as demonstrated by increased numbers of sunburst cells. However, effects of AHA on tanning have not been studied. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to study whether short-term use of glycolic acid hastens resolution of pre-existing light-induced pigmentation and whether the skin becomes tan more easily in Asian and Caucasian subjects after such treatment... CONCLUSION: Short-term topical treatment of glycolic acid caused an increase in UVB tanning as well as in UVA tanning in some subjects, even in the absence of overt irritation. The inclusion of UVB, and even UVA, sunscreen in AHA products may be warranted.
Alpha-Hydroxy acid-based cosmetic procedures. Guidelines for patient management. [2000.03]
Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Department of Dermatology, Cleveland, Ohio, USA... Pre- and post-peel regimens should also be reviewed in full as patient compliance is essential to ensure the success of a series of AHA peels.
The roles of pH and concentration in lactic acid-induced stimulation of epidermal turnover. [1998.06]
BACKGROUND: Alpha hydroxy acids such as lactic and glycolic acids (AHAs) accelerate epidermal turnover and exfoliate the stratum corneum. The roles of pH and concentration in these antiaging effects of AHAs is unclear, but a lower (more acidic) pH and higher concentration of acid are thought to be more effective. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects on skin renewal rates of lactic acid 10% at pHs of 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0, and of 5%, 10% and 15% lactic acid at a pH of 3.0... CONCLUSION: The desquamative and proliferation-stimulating effects of lactic acid are very pH and concentration dependent, suggesting the "free acid" concentration is the active moiety.
An evaluation of the effect of an alpha hydroxy acid-blend skin cream in the cosmetic improvement of symptoms of moderate to severe xerosis, epidermolytic hyperkeratosis, and ichthyosis. [1998.06]
A number of genetic, intrinsic, and extrinsic factors can cause conditions of problem dry skin, marked by unusual dryness, rough texture, and extreme flaking and scaling, that are generally not controlled by conventional moisturizers. A study was undertaken to evaluate the safety and efficacy of two novel alpha hydroxy acid (AHA)-containing creams in reducing the appearance and symptoms of problem dry skin on subjects with a range of dry skin conditions, including xerosis, epidermolytic hyperkeratosis, and ichthyosis...
A double-blind randomized clinical trial on the effectiveness of a daily glycolic acid 5% formulation in the treatment of photoaging. [1998.05]
BACKGROUND: Low-strength daily formulations of glycolic acid are widely promoted for the treatment of photoaging. However, there are few clinical studies that objectively confirm the benefits of such formulations. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a 5% unneutralized formulation of glycolic acid in the treatment of facial and neck photoaging... CONCLUSION: Unneutralized 5% glycolic acid topical cream when used on a regular daily basis can improve some photoaging effects.
Citric acid increases viable epidermal thickness and glycosaminoglycan content of sun-damaged skin. [1997.08]
CONCLUSIONS: Topical citric acid produces changes similar to those observed in response to glycolic acid, ammonium lactate, and retinoic acid including increases in epidermal and dermal glycosaminoglycans and viable epidermal thickness. Further studies of citric acid and other alpha-hydroxy acids are warranted to clarify their clinical effects and mechanisms of action.
Topical 8% glycolic acid and 8% L-lactic acid creams for the treatment of photodamaged skin. A double-blind vehicle-controlled clinical trial. [1996.06]
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of 2 widely used topical alpha-hydroxy acids at low concentrations, 8% glycolic acid and 8% lactic (L-isoform) acid creams, in the treatment of photodamaged skin... CONCLUSIONS: Topical 8% glycolic acid and 8% L-lactic acid creams are modestly useful in ameliorating some of the signs of chronic cutaneous photodamage. These agents are well tolerated and available without prescription.
Effect of lactic acid isomers on keratinocyte ceramide synthesis, stratum corneum lipid levels and stratum corneum barrier function. [1996.06]
Alpha-hydroxy acids are effective agents for the treatment of skin xerosis and it is known that, following treatment with lotions containing D,L-lactic acid, the stratum corneum prevents xerosis more effectively. To date, the relative efficacy of the different isomers of lactic acid has not been evaluated and the mode of action of lactic acid in improving stratum corneum resilience is not known.
Photoprotective and antiinflammatory effects of topical glycolic acid. [1996.05]
BACKGROUND: Concerns about photosensitizing potential of alpha hydroxy acids have been expressed. A previous study, however, reported topical glycolic acid showing the opposite potential, that is, photoprotective...
An alpha hydroxy acid derivative suitable for sensitive skin. [1996.05]
BACKGROUND: Individuals with sensitive skin may not tolerate some products formulated with alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) due to unacceptable levels of stinging and irritation. OBJECTIVE: To develop a neutral molecule that is well tolerated by individuals with sensitive skin without stinging or irritation, yet retains the beneficial effects of AHAs... CONCLUSIONS: A molecule was invented (MPG) that could be formulated in a neutral vehicle to avoid skin irritation and produced improvements in xerosis and photoaging.
Increased factor XIIIa transglutaminase expression in dermal dendrocytes after treatment with alpha-hydroxy acids: potential physiologic significance. [1996.02]
BACKGROUND: Topical alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs) have been shown to improve photoaging in human skin. OBJECTIVE: We studied factor XIIIa transglutaminase expression in dermal dendrocytes (DDs) and mast cell degranulation after treatment of the skin with AHAs... CONCLUSION: Treatment of the skin with AHAs leads to mast cell degranulation and increased expression of factor XIIIa transglutaminase by activated DDs. Mast cell degranulation may lead to activation of DDs and increased factor XIIIa transglutaminase expression, via the action of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. We speculate that clinical and histologic improvement in photoaged skin after treatment with AHAs may be somehow related to this process.
Effects of alpha-hydroxy acids on photoaged skin: a pilot clinical, histologic, and ultrastructural study. [1996.02]
BACKGROUND: alpha-Hydroxy acids (AHAs) have been reported to improve aging skin. The mechanisms of action of AHAs on epidermal and dermal compartments need clarification. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine the effects of AHAs on photoaged human skin by clinical and microanalytic means... CONCLUSION: Treatment with AHAs produced significant reversal of epidermal and dermal markers of photoaging.
Alpha hydroxy acids: procedures for use in clinical practice. [1989.03]
Alpha hydroxy acids and alpha keto acids applied topically in lower concentrations reduce the thickness of hyperkeratotic stratum corneum by reducing corneocyte cohesion at lower levels of the stratum corneum... Facial wrinkles can be modified with topical alpha hydroxy acids, applied in higher concentrations as office procedures, and concomitant daily home application of lower concentrations.
