Two-plane injection of botulinum exotoxin A in glabellar frown lines. [2004.03]
Botulinum exotoxin A has been used for the treatment of glabellar frown lines... It is concluded that botulinum exotoxin is more effective when it is applied in two planes superficially and deep so that the anatomic course of the corrugator supercilii and the depressor supercilii muscles are followed.
Cosmetic uses of botulinum toxins for lower aspects of the face and neck. [2004.01]
The ability of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) to improve the appearance of facial lines was first reported among patients who had been receiving injections for facial dystonias or surgical procedures. Since that time, there has been very extensive use of this treatment for relaxation of a wide variety of facial muscles and also for platysmal lines of the neck...
Contraindications and complications with the use of botulinum toxin. [2004.01]
Cosmetic use of BTX has skyrocketed in recent years, especially since the approval of BTX-A for treatment of glabellar lines.It is important for the injecting physician to be familiar with these potential complications, even though the use of BTX has been safe and generally well tolerated, because it will lead to even greater success with the use of BTX.
Type A botulinum toxin in the upper aspect of the face. [2003.11]
The use of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) for facial rejuvenation was first systematically developed by Carruthers and Carruthers on the upper aspect of the face. In the early 1990s, the first studies of the cosmetic use of BTX-A were published...
The use of Botox to treat glabellar rhytids. [2003.11]
Many areas of the face benefit from Botox. The deep vertical and horizontal creases between the eyebrows or glabellar area are the best known to cosmetically improve with Botox injections.As with almost any cosmetic procedure, adequate evaluation and pre-operative assessment can lead to a good outcome and a satisfied patient.
Periocular botulinum toxin. [2003.11]
Botulinum toxin type A (BOTOX, Dysport) has revolutionized treatment of wrinkles around the eyes.BOTOX is in widespread use worldwide and is currently the most popular cosmetic treatment in the United States.
How to avoid complications when treating hyperdynamic folds and wrinkles. [2003.11]
Before discussing the complications that might occur in the treatment of hyperdynamic folds and wrinkles, it is important to analyze and define the correct effects and unwanted effects, or even adverse reactions, after administration of botulinum toxin (BTX) for cosmetic indications... Because this is a cosmetic treatment, not only severe adverse reactions but also patient dissatisfaction are the subjects of the following discussion.
Complications of botulinum toxin A use in facial rejuvenation. [2003.11]
The esthetic application of botulinum toxin type A is a safe treatment modality; nevertheless, complications can occur as a result of patient- and physician-related factors.
Botulinum toxin in the lower one third of the face. [2003.11]
The use of botulinum toxin (BTX) in the lower one third of the face has rapidly become one of the most popular ways to rejuvenate the face, due to the effectiveness of BTX in this area and the lack of major side effects. It is recommended that physicians planning on treating patients in this area of the face first have extensive experience treating the more traditional areas, such as the forehead, glabella, or crow's feet, because the inferior one third of the face has many co-dependent and interdigitating (interrelated) muscles that are very sensitive and readily affected by minimal amounts of BTX.
Botulinum toxin A for the treatment of lateral periorbital rhytids. [2003.11]
The lateral periorbital area represents one of the earliest and most bothersome facial stigmata of aging... As more experience is gained with this toxin, as well as other Botox serotypes, continued progress is likely to occur in this area, as well as in other facial regions.
Altering brow contour with botulinum toxin. [2003.11]
Brow position is determined by a dynamic interaction between depressor and elevator muscles. Botulinum toxin may be used to temporarily alter this equilibrium to result in a change in brow position... Botulinum toxin browlifting may result in an aesthetically pleasing, modest brow elevation; however, individuals who have significant brow ptosis would be better treated surgically.
The role of botulinum toxin type B (Myobloc) in the treatment of hyperkinetic facial lines. [2003.10]
Botulinum toxin type B was studied for the management of hyperkinetic facial lines. It showed clinical longevity of up to 12 weeks on subjective rating scales and 8 weeks on objective rating scales.
The cosmetic use of botulinum toxin. [2003.10]
The approach to facial rejuvenation continues to evolve... Botulinum toxin, derived from Clostridium botulinum, is the most widely used agent; therefore, this new modality, its applications in cosmetic plastic surgery, and its applications to other areas will be discussed.
[Skin, wrinkles and botulinum toxin] [2003.07]
CONCLUSION: Botulinum toxin has found its way as a major component of the therapeutic armamentarium. Its efficacy for facial rejuvenation has made it extremely popular, but its use does follow strict rules, and should be restricted to soundly trained practitioners.
Skin, wrinkles and botulinum toxin. [2003.06]
CONCLUSION: Botulinum toxin has found its way as a major component of the therapeutic armamentarium. Its efficacy for facial rejuvenation has made it extremely popular, but its use does follow strict rules, and should be restricted to soundly trained practitioners.
Botulinum neurotoxin type B--a rapid wrinkle reducer. [2003.06]
Botulinum toxin has been used for temporary muscle paralysis for over 13 years.This overview highlights the current reports on the efficacy, duration, and safety of BoTX B when used for cosmetic procedures.
BOTOX: a review. [2003.06]
BOTOX cosmetic is proving to be an affordable alternative for thousands of people looking to enhance their appearance without the cost, risks and downtime associated with surgical procedures... Side effects associated with BOTOX infections appear to be either local, due to the paralysis of adjacent muscles, or mild flu-like symptoms lasting a few days in a small number of patients.
Satisfaction of patients after treatment with botulinum toxin for dynamic facial lines. [2003.05]
OBJECTIVE: To gain first evidence on the patient satisfaction after treatment with botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) and to check for differences in satisfaction with respect to clinical, psychologic, and sociodemographic parameters... CONCLUSION: Injections with BTX-A is a satisfying and well-tolerated treatment of dynamic facial lines for all patients in this pilot study.
Botulinum toxin type A treatment for contouring of the lower face. [2003.05]
BACKGROUND: Since type A botulinum toxin was first reported for the treatment of masseter muscle hypertrophy in 1994, there have been few reports about cosmetic indications for contouring procedures of the lower face with injection of botulinum toxin type A, and this procedure remains unpredictable. OBJECTIVES: This study attempted a quantitative prospective analysis of reduction of masseter muscle hypertrophy after Botox injection, using ultrasound and computerized tomography (CT) scans to analyze the possible use of botulinum toxin type A as a contouring procedure for the lower face... CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary results from this study suggest that an injection of Botox resulted in relatively satisfactory clinical effects, although there was only a short-term follow-up. It is suggested that the use of botulinum toxin type A for contouring of the lower face can be established as a simple, predictable, alternative facial contouring procedure without a prolonged recovery time.
Botulinum toxin A treatment of perioral rhytides. [2003.05]
BACKGROUND: Botulinum toxin A is well documented as a useful therapy for smoothing dynamic facial rhytides of the upper face. Most controlled studies have focused on the treatment of glabellar frown lines, horizontal forehead lines, and crow's feet. Reports of botulinum toxin A use in the lower face are few and anecdotal. OBJECTIVE: We present our experience using botulinum toxin A in the lip as a treatment of vertical perioral rhytides, which resulted in the added cosmetic benefits of lip eversion and enhanced lip fullness... CONCLUSIONS: In select patients, perioral botulinum toxin A results in amelioration of perioral rhytides and enhancement of lip fullness and lip eversion.
Aesthetic botulinum A toxin in the mid and lower face and neck. [2003.05]
BACKGROUND: Botulinum toxin type A (BOTOX formulation) is used extensively for smoothing hyperkinetic lines in the upper face. The use of botulinum toxin for aesthetic indications in the mid and lower face and neck is now becoming increasingly popular. OBJECTIVE: To review our current approaches to botulinum toxin treatment for cosmetic indications in the mid and lower face and neck... CONCLUSION: Botulinum toxin treatment is valuable for aesthetic improvements in the mid and lower face and neck. In some areas, particularly the perioral region, the use of botulinum toxin in combination with other therapeutic modalities provides optimal results.
A double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study of the safety and efficacy of Myobloc (botulinum toxin type B)-purified neurotoxin complex for the treatment of crow's feet: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. [2003.05]
Crow's feet develop with age and are one of the earliest signs of the normal aging process. Botulinum toxin type A, approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of glabellar wrinkles in April 2002, has been used off-label to treat facial wrinkles since 1981...
Botulinum toxin A: a review of 1,085 oral and maxillofacial patient treatments. [2003.03]
PURPOSE: Botulinum toxin A (Botox; Allergan, Inc, Irvine, CA) has been used safely and effectively for the management of rhytids and dynamic lines of the face. Much of the initial anecdotal experience with Botox has changed with experience and is reported by the author... CONCLUSION: When following minimal guidelines, the use of Botox for cosmetic facial applications is safe, predictable, and without serious complications and provides generalized patient satisfaction. Copyright 2003 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons J Oral Maxillofac Surg 61:317-324, 2003
Comparison of botulinum toxin types A and B: a bilateral and double-blind randomized evaluation in the treatment of canthal rhytides. [2003.01]
CONCLUSION: All patients noted rapid and satisfactory reduction in the rhytides in both periocular areas. However, upon unblinding of the solutions at the same volumes with a 1:50 ratio, type B toxin was found to be associated with slightly more discomfort upon injection, quicker onset of action, a sensation of "tightness" of the treated area, and a briefer duration of muscle paralysis.
Botulinum toxin A: its expanding role in dermatology and esthetics. [2003.01]
The use of botulinum toxin A in cosmetic dermatology has increased in popularity due to the efficacy and relative safety of the treatment... Botulinum toxin A can provide an alternative treatment of palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis when options such as topical agents (aluminum chloride) and iontophoresis have failed.
Botulinum toxin A (Botox Cosmetic): a review of its use in the treatment of glabellar frown lines. [2003.01]
Botox Cosmetic (Botox) is a formulation of the neuromuscular blocking agent botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A). When injected into hyperactive corrugator superciliaris and/or procerus muscles of the face that predominantly control frowning, Botox produces a transient (3- to 6-month), dose-dependent localized muscle weakness, resulting in a temporary improvement in glabellar frown lines ('brow furrows')...
Botulinum toxin A: its expanding role in dermatology and esthetics. [2003]
The use of botulinum toxin A in cosmetic dermatology has increased in popularity due to the efficacy and relative safety of the treatment... Botulinum toxin A can provide an alternative treatment of palmar and axillary hyperhidrosis when options such as topical agents (aluminum chloride) and iontophoresis have failed.
Bilateral, double-blind, randomized comparison of 3 doses of botulinum toxin type A and placebo in patients with crow's feet. [2002.12]
BACKGROUND: Optimum dosing for botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) in crow's feet remains to be defined. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to compare the efficacy and safety of 3 doses of BTX-A and placebo in patients with crow's feet... CONCLUSION: BTX-A is a safe and effective treatment for crow's feet. Benefits are more sustained with repeat treatment.
Modifications of eyebrow position with botulinum exotoxin A. [2002.10]
OBJECTIVE: To determine if clinically used botulinum exotoxin A (Botox) injections to the forehead and glabellar and crow's-feet regions result in modifications of eyebrow position... CONCLUSIONS: Botulinum exotoxin A injections into the forehead and glabellar, and crow's-feet regions did not significantly change the resting eyebrow position. However, forehead injections contributed to eyebrow depression in the active state.
Long-term prospective follow-up of botulinum toxin treatment for facial rhytides. [2002.09]
Some wrinkles and unsightly facial expressions are due to hyperactivity of the underlying facial musculature...
New indications for botulinum toxin type A in cosmetics: mouth and neck. [2002.08]
Botulinum toxin type A is frequently used to smooth hyperkinetic lines in the periocular and forehead areas of the upper face, but it has been used less frequently for indications in the lower face and neck. This study was designed to determine whether botulinum toxin treatment of the mouth and neck areas is as clinically successful as the treatment of the upper face...
Botulinum toxin B: the new option in cosmetic injection. [2002.07]
Botulinum toxin, one of nature's most toxic substances, is the unlikely source of one of cosmetic dermatology's most popular new injectable treatment options. This article describes the physiological and biological workings of the several structurally similar but antigenically distinct serotypes of botulinum toxin, and provides clinical studies comparing and contrasting the key ingredients in Botox, Dysport, and Myobloc (Neurobloc)..
A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of glabellar lines. [2002.06]
BACKGROUND: Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) is widely used for facial esthetics but is incompletely studied. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of BTX-A treatment of glabellar lines... CONCLUSION: BTX-A injections are safe and effective in reducing the severity of glabellar lines.
New indications for botulinum toxin type A in treating facial wrinkles of the mouth and neck. [2002.03]
Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) is commonly used to smooth hyperkinetic lines in the periocular and forehead areas of the upper face, but has been used less frequently for indications in the lower face and neck. This study was designed to determine whether botulinum toxin treatment of the mouth and neck areas is as clinically successful as treatment of the upper face...
Botulinum B treatment of the glabellar and frontalis regions: a dose response analysis. [2002.03]
CONCLUSION: Botulinum B toxin injections represent an alternative to botulinum A treatment for glabellar and frontalis hyperkinetic wrinkles. At the doses utilized in this study, the effect does not generally appear to last as long as has been reported with botulinum A injections. However, the onset of action may be sooner with botulinum B injections.
Botulinum toxin A: successful decollete rejuvenation. [2002.02]
BACKGROUND: Decollete wrinkles develop with age. In women more than 35 years of age these wrinkles are still transient, but become permanent at about age 50. In a substantial number of women decollete wrinkles, seem to be associated with an insertion of platysma exceeding the second intercostal space. We report botulinum A toxin therapy of these wrinkles in five patients. OBJECTIVE: To show the effect of botulinum A toxin on decollete wrinkles... CONCLUSION: These observations indicated that botulinum A toxin can be an effective and safe method in the temporary management of decollete wrinkles. It should therefore be considered as a new adjuvant treatment in cosmetic decollete rejuvenation.
Botulinum toxin A in the therapy of mimic facial lines. [2001.10]
In aesthetic medicine, many different methods of skin rejuvenation are available. At the end of the 1980s, the neurotoxin Botulinum toxin A (BT-A) led to a revolution in aesthetic-corrective dermatology for the treatment of mimic facial wrinkles... The following review summarizes the historical development and the mechanism of action of both frequently and rarely used injection techniques with BT-A for the treatment of wrinkles and lines of the upper face, neck and decollete, and gives an update of different experiences encountered.
Treatment of hyperfunctional facial lines with botulinum toxin. [2001.08.23]
Lines and wrinkles in the face are not only due to intrinsic and photoaging, but are also caused by lines of facial expression due to muscular action. Botulinum toxin A, which blocks the cholinergic transmission resulting in flaccid paralysis, is a powerful therapeutic tool in the treatment of frown lines, glabellar lines, crow-feet and platysma-bands...
Botulinum-A toxin treatment of the lower eyelid improves infraorbital rhytides and widens the eye. [2001.08]
Botulinum-A exotoxin (BTX-A) can be used cosmetically to improve rhytides, particularly of the upper one-third of the face. In this study, fifteen women had BTX-A (BOTOX, Allergan, Inc.) injected into the orbicularis oculi muscle... Two units of BTX-A injected into the lower eyelid orbicularis oculi muscle improves infraorbital wrinkles, particularly when used in combination with BTX-A treatment of the lateral orbital area.
Treatment guidelines for botulinum toxin type A for the periocular region and a report on partial upper lip ptosis following injections to the lateral canthal rhytids. [2001.07]
Inactivation of the orbicularis oculi muscle by chemodenervation with botulinum toxin type A (Botox, Allergan, Inc., Irvine, Calif.) as a sole procedure or in conjunction with blepharoplasty has proved to be a reliable method to improve the appearance of the periocular area... This article reviews suggested treatment guidelines and anatomic considerations for the periocular region to maintain injection standardization and improve the safety profile of Botox as the aesthetic indications for its use expand and the number of individuals who inject it increases.
Complications and adverse reactions with the use of botulinum toxin. [2001.06]
Botulinum toxins are the causative agents of the severe food-borne illness botulism. With lethal doses approximating 10(-9) g/kg body weight, these neurotoxins represent some of the most toxic naturally occurring substances... Also included are recommendations as to how to avoid these very undesirable, yet common, problems.
Botulinum toxin (botox) chemodenervation for facial rejuvenation. [2001.05]
A positive attitude toward life at any age is now seen to be consistent with inclusion in all societal activities.
Temporal brow lift using botulinum toxin A. [2000.03]
The objective of this study was to determine whether brow elevation occurs as a result of paralysis of brow depressors after botulinum toxin A injection. The study's design was a prospective case series with pretreatment and posttreatment outcome evaluation with statistical analysis at a university-based division of facial plastic surgery private clinic...
Botulinum toxin A for the treatment of facial hyperkinetic wrinkle lines in Koreans. [2000.02]
There are a number of different causes for facial wrinkle lines, such as aging, gravity, and chronic pulling of mimetic muscles on the face. Among these, pulling by mimetic muscles on the skin not only involves facial expression but also has a great role in forming facial wrinkle lines as a result of repetitive action, such as dynamic or hyperkinetic wrinkle lines...
Botox for the treatment of dynamic and hyperkinetic facial lines and furrows: adjunctive use in facial aesthetic surgery. [1999.02]
Our improved understanding of the pathophysiology of facial lines, wrinkles, and furrows has broadened the treatment options for a variety of facial cosmetic blemishes... Chemodenervation with botulinum toxin A (Botox) has proven to be useful both as a primary treatment for certain facial rhytids and as an adjunctive agent for a variety of facial aesthetic procedures to obtain optimal results.
Botox for rejuvenation of the periorbital region. [1999.01]
Botulinum toxin (Botox) has become accepted as a unique and effective agent for treating various aesthetic concerns. The periorbital anatomy is particularly well suited for Botox treatments and is the most frequent site to benefit from the cosmetic application of the toxin... This chapter provides a review of botulinum toxin and practical information regarding its use for aesthetic application in the periorbital region.
Botulinum toxin A for hyperkinetic facial lines: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. [1994.07]
Previous work on patients with muscular dystonia has shown that small intramuscular doses of botulinum toxin A eliminated hyperkinetic facial lines for approximately 6 months. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of botulinum toxin A injections in eliminating facial wrinkles in aesthetic surgery patients who do not have muscular dystonia...
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