Evaluation of a kojic acid, emblica extract, and glycolic acid formulation compared with hydroquinone 4% for skin lightening. [2010.09]
Hydroquinone has been the standard prescription agent for skin lightening; however, its use recently has become controversial. Hydroquinone is banned in Europe and parts of Asia because of potential long-term consequences, including carcinogenesis when orally consumed... Thus this novel skin lightening preparation is an alternative to hydroquinone 4% for participants with mild to moderate facial dyschromia.
Whitening efficacy of plant extracts including orchid extracts on Japanese female skin with melasma and lentigo senilis. [2010.06]
The purpose of this study was to assess the in vivo efficacy of a cosmetic formulation containing plant extracts including orchid extracts, compared to 3% vitamin C derivative formulated with the same excipient, in Japanese female adult volunteers with melasma and/or lentigo senilis.The good agreement between the results of clinical evaluations and those of questionnaire surveys showed that the orchid-rich plant extracts possess efficacy similar to vitamin C derivative in whitening the skin as well as melasma and lentigo senilis on the face of Japanese women.
Efficacy and safety of liposome-encapsulated 4-n-butylresorcinol 0.1% cream for the treatment of melasma: a randomized controlled split-face trial. [2010.04]
Melasma is an acquired pigmentary disorder that most commonly occurs in women of child-bearing age. Melasma is therapeutically challenging, and most commercially available hypopigmenting agents include tyrosinase inhibitors, which regulate the rate-limiting step of melanogenesis... In conclusion, liposome-encapsulated 4-n-butylresorcinol 0.1% cream was well tolerated and showed significant higher efficacy than vehicle alone for the treatment of melasma.
Different therapeutic modalities for treatment of melasma. [2009.12]
BACKGROUND: Chemical peels and topical depigmenting agents have become a popular modality in the treatment of melasma. AIMS: To compare the clinical efficacy of trichloroacetic acid peel 20%vs. Jessner's solution peel vs. the topical mixture of hydroquinone 2% and kojic acid... CONCLUSION: Trichloroacetic acid 20% showed better results than Jessner's solution as peeling agent and hydroquinone 2% with kojic acid as a topical agent in the treatment of melasma.
Melasma: treatment evaluation. [2009.09]
INTRODUCTION: Melasma is a common disorder of facial hyperpigmentation that can be resistant to treatment. Our purpose is to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the different available modalities of treatment of melasma among Egyptian patients who have mostly skin types IV-V under a sunny climate... CONCLUSION: Topical hydroquinone remains the most effective agent for the treatment of melasma in dark-skinned people with rare side effects.
Efficacy of dioic acid compared with hydroquinone in the treatment of melasma. [2009.08]
BACKGROUND: Melasma is a common disorder of pigmentation characterized by relatively symmetric, brown or gray-brown patches on sun-exposed facial areas. Hydroquinone, the most effective agent in melasma, is known to irritate the skin, and so new alternatives in the treatment of melasma are required. We sought to assess the clinical response of a new depigmenting agent in melasma... CONCLUSIONS: Dioic acid is an effective and highly tolerated skin product, although further controlled, blind, multicenter studies are required to support these results.
A split-face, double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled pilot evaluation of a novel oligopeptide for the treatment of recalcitrant melasma. [2009.08]
Melasma is a cutaneous disorder associated with an overproduction of melanin by the tyrosinase enzyme. A proprietary oligopeptide (Lumixyl) was previously shown to competitively inhibit mushroom and human tyrosinase without the associated toxicity of hydroquinone... Results suggest that the oligopeptide may be useful in the treatment of melasma and warrants further evaluation.
Management of hyperpigmentation in darker racial ethnic groups. [2009.06]
Dyschromias, in particular hyperpigmentation, are major issues of concern for people of color.
Clinical efficacy of 25% L-ascorbic acid (C'ensil) in the treatment of melasma. [2009.03]
BACKGROUND: L-Ascorbic acid is used to treat melasma; however, it is quickly oxidized in aqueous solutions. Thus, C'ensil, a formulation containing 25% l-ascorbic acid and a chemical penetration enhancer, was created to promote the penetration of l-ascorbic acid into the skin. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of C'ensil in patients with melasma... CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that C'ensil is an effective treatment modality for melasma.
The role of topical retinoids in the treatment of pigmentary disorders: an evidence-based review. [2009]
Topical retinoids have been used in the treatment of pigmentary disorders such as melasma, actinic lentigines, and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation... In conclusion, there is evidence to support the use of topical retinoids as monotherapy or in combination with other topical agents in the treatment of pigmentary disorders.
The Asian dermatologic patient: review of common pigmentary disorders and cutaneous diseases. [2009]
The Asian patient with Fitzpatrick skin types III-V is rarely highlighted in publications on cutaneous disorders or cutaneous laser surgery. However, with changing demographics, Asians will become an increasingly important group in this context... We highlight the differences between Asian skin and other skin types and review conditions common in skin of color together with treatment strategies.
Efficiency of ellagic acid and arbutin in melasma: a randomized, prospective, open-label study. [2008.09]
The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of gel formulations containing arbutin, synthetic ellagic acid and plant extracts that contain ellagic acid, on patients with melasma. Thirty patients who applied to Ege University Medical Faculty, Department of Dermatology, were included in the study...
A randomized controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of a fixed triple combination (fluocinolone acetonide 0.01%, hydroquinone 4%, tretinoin 0.05%) compared with hydroquinone 4% cream in Asian patients with moderate to severe melasma. [2008.09]
BACKGROUND: Melasma is an acquired, chronic hypermelanosis for which therapy remains a challenge. OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy and safety of a triple combination [TC: fluocinolone acetonide 0.01%, hydroquinone (HQ) 4%, tretinoin 0.05%] vs. HQ 4% after 8 weeks of treatment of moderate to severe facial melasma in Asian patients... CONCLUSIONS: Efficacy in Asians and patient satisfaction were superior with the fixed TC than with HQ 4%.
Comparative evaluation of beneficiary effects of priming agents (2% hydroquinone and 0.025% retinoic acid) in the treatment of melasma with glycolic acid peels. [2008.08]
BACKGROUND: Chemical peels have become a popular modality in the treatment of melasma. The most disturbing side effect of this procedure is postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. This may be minimized with the help of priming agents. Because there is a paucity of such studies, this study was taken up to evaluate the beneficial effects of hydroquinone versus tretinoin as priming agents in treatment of melasma with glycolic acid peels... CONCLUSIONS: Results are better with hydroquinone as priming agent compared to tretinoin in enhancing the results with glycolic acid peels in melasma and in decreasing postpeel postinflammatory hyperpigmentation.
Solar elastosis and presence of mast cells as key features in the pathogenesis of melasma. [2008.05]
Melasma is an acquired hypermelanosis on sun-exposed areas... Melasma could be a result of a cumulative sun exposure, in a microenvironment of cutaneous photoageing in which inflammatory cells, particularly mast cells, play a key role.
The use of botanical extracts as topical skin-lightening agents for the improvement of skin pigmentation disorders. [2008.04]
Both physicians and dermatology patients are searching for long-term topical skin care solutions (both cosmetic and cosmeceutical) to address problems presented by skin hyperpigmentation. Specifically, some women often express a desire to "lighten" skin tone by achieving improved visible tone, reduction in yellowness (or sallow tone), and reduction in the appearance of hyperpigmented spots ("age" or "sun" spots)...
Comparison of 30% salicylic acid with Jessner's solution for superficial chemical peeling in epidermal melasma. [2008.04]
OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of Jessner's solution with 30% salicylic acid as superficial chemical peeling agents in treating epidermal melasma in Asian skin... CONCLUSION: Jessner's solution and 30% salicylic acid are equally effective and safe peeling agents for use in epidermal melasma in Asian skin.
An open-label study of the efficacy and tolerability of microencapsulated hydroquinone 4% and retinol 0.15% with antioxidants for the treatment of hyperpigmentation. [2008.04]
Hyperpigmentation describes areas of the skin with increased melanin content, when the pigmentation is darker than the healthy surrounding skin. Disorders of hyperpigmentation, such as melasma, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), and solar lentigines, are common and pose a treatment challenge for all patients, particularly those with darker skin types whose melanocytes are more reactive to various stimuli...
Skin-lightening effects of a new face care product in patients with melasma. [2008.03]
BACKGROUND: Melasma is a common pigmentation disorder having considerable effect on patients' emotional and psychological well-being. OBJECTIVE: Assessment of efficacy and tolerability of a new face care product for the targeted spot treatment of darker pigmented areas in subjects with melasma and evaluation of effects on patients' quality of life... CONCLUSION: The data demonstrate that the new face care product is effective and highly skin tolerable and clearly improves quality of life of patients with melasma.
Efficacy and safety of cryotherapy vs. trichloroacetic acid in the treatment of solar lentigo. [2008.03]
BACKGROUND: Solar lentigines are common sun-induced benign melanocytic proliferation that presents a significant cosmetic worrying for many middle-aged and elderly patients. Although the newer photoselective lasers have become the mainstay of treatment, cryotherapy and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) solution are inexpensive alternatives in the treatment of solar lentigines. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of cryotherapy compared with TCA 33% on solar lentigines of the back of the hands (SLBH) in patients presenting to dermatologic clinic of our hospital... CONCLUSION: Cryotherapy shows better results than TCA 33% solution in the treatment of SLBH particularly in lower Fitzpatrick skin types. PIH is the major complication of each type of treatments particularly in darker Fitzpatrick skin types. Generally, the major criterion for treatment of SLBH with cryotherapy or TCA is Fitzpatrick's skin type of patients.
Mequinol 2%/tretinoin 0.01% topical solution for the treatment of melasma in men: a case series and review of the literature. [2008.02]
Melasma is a common hyperpigmentation disorder that typically affects women, though up to 10% of white individuals seeking treatment for melasma are men. Melasma can be a source of embarrassment for men because of its association with women and pregnancy... This is the first report describing the use of mequinol 2%/tretinoin 0.01% topical solution for the treatment of melasma in men; there are no reports in women.
Long-pulse pulsed dye laser delivered with compression for treatment of facial lentigines. [2007.08]
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The 595-nm long-pulsed dye laser (LPDL) has been used for the treatment of vascular lesions, and although it is well absorbed by blood, it is also well absorbed by melanin. To utilize this device for the treatment of facial lentigines, we attached a glass window to the tip of the laser's handpiece, allowing compression of the skin during treatment. This prospective study aims to evaluate the efficacy and complications of using a LPDL delivered with compression for the treatment of facial lentigines in Asian persons... CONCLUSION: LPDL delivered with the compression method is effective in the treatment of facial lentigines in Asian patients, and the side effect profile is minimal. The compression technique allows the traditional "vascular" LPDL to be used for treating a variety of pigmented lesions.
Case reports: clearance of lentigines in Japanese men with the long-pulsed alexandrite laser. [2007.06]
Benign pigmented lesions can be effectively treated with multiple modalities including lasers...
Evaluation of efficacy and safety of rucinol serum in patients with melasma: a randomized controlled trial. [2007.05]
BACKGROUND: Melasma is a hyperpigmentation disorder predominantly affecting sun-exposed areas in women, which is often refractory to treatment. Most commercially available treatments incorporate inhibitors of tyrosinase, a key enzyme in melanin production within the melanocyte. In general, however, the efficacy of these therapies is somewhat limited. Recent studies have identified other enzymes that play an important role in melanogenesis, including tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), which catalyses the oxidation of the melanogenetic intermediate 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carbolylic acid. Rucinol (4-n-butylresorcinol) has been shown to inhibit the activity of both tyrosinase and TRP-1. OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy of rucinol serum 0.3% vs. the corresponding vehicle as a treatment for melasma. Secondary objectives were to evaluate local and general tolerability and to assess the skin acceptability of rucinol serum in the target population... CONCLUSIONS: Rucinol serum was shown to have significant efficacy compared with vehicle alone in improving melasma after 3 months of treatment, according to clinical and objective assessments of skin colour.
Treatment of pigmented lesions of neurofibromatosis 1 with intense pulsed-radio frequency in combination with topical application of vitamin D3 ointment. [2007.04]
Cafe-au-lait spots and pigmented freckling are found in most of patients with neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1)... Although further studies with large groups of patients should be performed for a better conclusion, it could improve quality of life with NF1 patients who are concerned with serious cosmetic and social problems.
A comparison of triple combination cream and hydroquinone 4% cream for the treatment of moderate to severe facial melasma. [2007.03]
The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of a triple combination (TC) cream and monotherapy with hydroquinone (HQ) cream in the treatment of moderate to severe facial melasma. A total of 120 patients applied TC cream once daily or HQ cream twice daily for 8 weeks...
Cost-effectiveness of a fixed combination of hydroquinone/tretinoin/fluocinolone cream compared with hydroquinone alone in the treatment of melasma. [2007.02]
BACKGROUND: A once-daily fixed combination of hydroquinone, tretinoin, and fluocinolone acetonide (Tri-luma) is a newly available treatment for melasma. OBJECTIVE: To assess cost-effectiveness of triple combination therapy (TCT) applied once daily and hydroquinone alone applied twice daily in the U.S., Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Colombia from a payer's perspective... CONCLUSION: TCT had a 30% better rate of complete clearing than hydroquinone with a lower cost in the U.S. and an incremental cost in other countries. In every country, cost per primary success was lower for TCT than for hydroquinone. Results were robust to varying assumptions of success rates and quantity used.
Efficacy and safety of serial glycolic acid peels and a topical regimen in the treatment of recalcitrant melasma. [2007.01]
Melasma is a common acquired disorder of facial hyperpigmentation. In this study we investigated the efficacy and safety of a combined treatment regimen including serial glycolic acid peels, topical azelaic acid cream and adapalene gel in the treatment of recalcitrant melasma... Therefore, the present study suggests that combined treatment with serial glycolic acid peels, azelaic acid cream and adapalene gel should be considered as an effective and safe therapy in recalcitrant melasma.
A comparative study of focal medium-depth chemical peel versus cryosurgery for the treatment of solar lentigo. [2007.01]
Recently, focal chemical peels with trichloroacetic acid (TCA) have been introduced for the treatment of pigmentary disorders to minimize the side effects such as pain or scarring associated with medium-to-deep chemical peeling. This is a controlled, prospective study to compare the efficacy of a focal medium-depth chemical peel regimen using 70% glycolic acid and 35% TCA with cryosurgery, in the treatment of solar lentigines of the hands...
Phenol-castor oil: modified peel for dermal melasma. [2006.05]
BACKGROUND: Deep type of melasma is difficult to treat. Various compositions for peeling have been formulated to accomplish this. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine the safe use of the new formula, which was composed of phenol and castor oil... CONCLUSION: A phenol-castor oil peel with an application time of 1 minute reduces pigments in the deep type of melasma with least side effects and a high efficiency when combined with an antimelasma cream. The safe formula and the technique of application are introduced.
Localized intradermal microinjection of tranexamic acid for treatment of melasma in Asian patients: a preliminary clinical trial. [2006.05]
BACKGROUND: Melasma is a common cosmetic problem among Asians. While various treatments are currently being used, there is no entirely satisfactory treatment. It was recently reported that the topical plasmin inhibitor is an effective treatment for ultraviolet-induced hyperpigmentation. OBJECTIVE: Because there are no studies assessing the efficacy and safety of localized microinjection of tranexamic acid (TA) for the treatment of melasma, we conducted a pilot study to evaluate the efficacy and side effects of this potentially new method for the treatment of melasma in Korean women... CONCLUSION: Based on these results, we suggest that the intralesional localized microinjection of TA acid can be used as a potentially new, effective, and safe therapeutic modality for the treatment of melasma.
A comparison of Q-switched alexandrite laser and intense pulsed light for the treatment of freckles and lentigines in Asian persons: a randomized, physician-blinded, split-face comparative trial. [2006.05]
BACKGROUND: Q-switched (QS) pigmented lasers and intense pulsed light (IPL) successfully treat pigment disorders. OBJECTIVE: We sought to compare efficacy and side effects of QS alexandrite laser (QSAL) and IPL for freckle and lentigo treatment in Asians... CONCLUSION: QSAL was superior to IPL for freckle treatment. IPL should be used for lentigines in Asian persons.
Sun protection strength of a hydroquinone 4%/retinol 0.3% preparation containing sunscreens. [2006.04]
BACKGROUND: Dyschromias are common and significantly impact patients' quality of life. Formulas containing hydroquinone 4% are effective in these conditions. Since exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) can worsen disease and complicate treatment, the incorporation of sunscreens can avert this problem... CONCLUSIONS: Avobenzone 3% and octinoxate 7.5% provide broad spectrum UV protection. Incorporating these sunscreens into a hydroquinone preparation simplifies the treatment regimen while providing significant photoprotection for patients being treated for dyschromia.
Repeated treatment protocols for melasma and acquired dermal melanocytosis. [2006.03]
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Melasma and acquired dermal melanocytosis (ADM; acquired bilateral nevus of Ota-like macules) are both seen most commonly symmetrically on the face of women with darker skin and are also known as difficult conditions to treat... CONCLUSION: The repeated treatment protocol for melasma and ADM showed successful clinical results compared with conventional ones, and they may be applied to other pigment conditions. It may be better that epidermal and dermal pigmentations are treated separately, especially in dark-skinned people who are more likely to suffer postinflammatory hyperpigmentation after inflammation-inducing therapies.
Community-based trial of a triple-combination agent for the treatment of facial melasma. [2006.03]
Melasma is a common hyperpigmentation disorder that is frequently recalcitrant to treatment. An 8-week, multicenter, open-label, community-based study evaluated a new therapeutic approach that combines tretinoin 0.05%, hydroquinone 4.0%, and fluocinolone acetonide 0.01% (RA+HQ+FA) in a hydrophilic cream formulation...
Treatment of hyperpigmentation-melasma with photodynamic therapy. [2006.02]
Hyperpigmentation-melasma was treated in a 31-year-old female with the application of aminolevulinic acid HCL 20%-single use Levulan Kerastick followed by exposure to 10 J/cm2 of nonlaser blue light.
Q-switched ruby versus long-pulsed dye laser delivered with compression for treatment of facial lentigines in Asians. [2006.02]
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Q-switched lasers have been used for the treatment of lentigines but post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) can be an issue especially in Asians. The 595 nm long-pulsed dye laser (LPDL) has been used for the treatment of vascular lesions and although it is well absorbed by oxyhemoglobin, it is also absorbed by melanin. To use this device for the treatment of facial lentigines, we attached a flat glass lens to the tip of the laser's handpiece, allowing compression of the skin during treatment. In doing so, eliminated the absorption by oxyhemoglobin. This prospective study aims to compare the efficacy and complications of such an approach to the use of Q-switched ruby laser (QSRL) in the treatment of facial lentigines in Asians... CONCLUSIONS: LPDL delivered with a compression method is more effective than QSRL for facial lentigines. Complications after LPDL treatment were substantially less frequent than after QSRL. The addition of compression technique may allow "vascular" pulsed dye laser to be used for treating a variety of pigmented lesions. Copyright 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Laser therapy for solar lentigines: review of the literature and case report. [2006]
Solar lentigines are benign, brownish lesions that occur on light exposed skin surfaces from age 30 onwards, as a sign of photoaging. As they are of cosmetic importance to many patients, different therapeutic modalities have been tried to remove these unwanted spots.A case is reported of the successful use of Q-switched ruby laser in the treatment of solar lentigo on the face.
A large 12-month extension study of an 8-week trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of triple combination (TC) cream in melasma patients previously treated with TC cream or one of its dyads. [2005.09]
This was a 12-month extension of a randomized, investigator-blinded, multicenter, 8-week trial with triple combination (TC) cream in facial melasma. A total of 585 patients were enrolled in the study and 569 patients received study medication.
DeoxyArbutin: a novel reversible tyrosinase inhibitor with effective in vivo skin lightening potency. [2005.08]
Modulation of melanogenesis in the melanocytes can be achieved using chemicals that share structural homologies with the substrate tyrosine and as thus competitively inhibit the catalytic function of tyrosinase. We have developed a new tyrosinase inhibitor, deoxyArbutin (dA), based on this premise...
Novel approach to the treatment of hyperpigmented photodamaged skin: 4% hydroquinone/0.3% retinol versus tretinoin 0.05% emollient cream. [2005.07]
BACKGROUND: Mild to moderately photodamaged skin is characterized by dyspigmentation, fine wrinkles, and tactile roughness. An optimal approach to the topical treatment of photoaging would simultaneously address all appearance issues. OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of 4% hydroquinone and 0.3% retinol in photoaging... CONCLUSION: Combination therapy of hydroquinone and retinol may improve photoaging-associated hyperpigmentation.
Utilizing fractional resurfacing in the treatment of therapy-resistant melasma. [2005.03]
BACKGROUND: Multiple treatment modalities have been employed for the management of melasma with minimal to no success. OBJECTIVE: We propose fractional resurfacing as a new treatment modality for melasma... CONCLUSION: Fractional resurfacing may prove to be an effective and safe treatment modality for lightening of the epidermal and dermal pigmentation of melasma. Further studies with long-term follow-up periods and multiple patients with diverse skin phototypes and different variants of melasma are warranted.
Corrective cosmetics are effective for women with facial pigmentary disorders. [2005.03]
Visible facial lesions are a common and burdensome skin problem. This study examines the impact of corrective cosmetics in women with severe facial pigmentary disorders... The corrective cosmetic was well tolerated and represents a valuable option that dermatologists can offer to patients with these conditions.
Lactic acid as a new therapeutic peeling agent in melasma. [2005.02]
BACKGROUND: Melasma is a common disfiguring skin problem. Multiple modalities have been used in the treatment of melasma, such as bleaching agents and chemical peels. Many chemicals have been used in the skin peeling for melasma, such as Jessner's solution and glycolic acid. Lactic acid is an alpha-hydroxy acid that has not been used before in chemical peeling of melasma. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present work is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lactic acid in chemical peeling of melasma... CONCLUSION: Lactic acid was found to be a new effective and safe peeling agent in the treatment of melasma.
Hydroquinone 4%, tretinoin 0.05%, fluocinolone acetonide 0.01%: a safe and efficacious 12-month treatment for melasma. [2005.01]
This article describes a long-term, multicenter, open-label, 12-month study of once-daily fluocinolone acetonide 0.01%, hydroquinone 4%, tretinoin 0.05% (Tri-Luma Cream, hereinafter called TC [triple combination]) application in the treatment of melasma... In this study, a once-daily application of TC cream over an extended period of 12 months showed no notable safety concerns and offered an effective treatment for melasma.
A microsponge formulation of hydroquinone 4% and retinol 0.15% in the treatment of melasma and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. [2004.12]
Disorders of hyperpigmentation such as melasma and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) are common, particularly among people with darker skin types... In this open-label study, microentrapped HQ 4% with retinol 0.15% was safe and effective.
Oral intake of proanthocyanidin-rich extract from grape seeds improves chloasma. [2004.11]
Chloasma (melasma), an acquired hypermelanosis, is often recalcitrant to various treatments and an amenable, as well as safe, pigment-reducing modality is needed. We investigated that the reducing effect of proanthocyanidin, a powerful antioxidant, on chloasma in a one-year open design study...
Mequinol 2%/tretinoin 0.01% solution: an effective and safe alternative to hydroquinone 3% in the treatment of solar lentigines. [2004.11]
A new topical solution containing 4-hydroxyanisole (mequinol) 2%/tretinoin 0.01% (Solage) was compared with its active components, its vehicle, and hydroquinone (HQ) 3% in the treatment of solar lentigines. In a randomized, parallel-group, double-masked study, 216 subjects applied the treatments twice daily for 16 weeks and were followed up for a further 24 weeks...
The use of lasers and intense pulsed light sources for the treatment of pigmentary lesions. [2004.10]
Lasers and intense pulsed light sources are frequently used for the treatment of pigmented lesions, and the appropriate selection of devices for different lesions is vital to achieving satisfactory clinical outcomes... In the removal of melanocytic nevi, a combined approach with a long-pulse pigmented laser and a Q-switched laser is particularly applicable.
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