Safety and efficacy of combined use of 4-hydroxyanisole (mequinol) 2%/tretinoin 0.01% solution and sunscreen in solar lentigines. [2004.10]
The objective of this open-label, noncontrolled study was to evaluate the safety of a combination solution containing 4-hydroxyanisole (mequinol) 2%/tretinoin 0.01% (Solage) with a sunscreen in the treatment of solar lentigines. The study included a total of 406 subjects for a treatment period up to 24 weeks...
Utilizing combination therapy to optimize melasma outcomes. [2004.09]
Melasma is a chronic and recurrent disorder...
Intense pulsed light for the treatment of refractory melasma in Asian persons. [2004.09]
BACKGROUND: Patients with dermal or mixed-type melasmas are often refractory to various treatments. Intense pulsed light has been used to treat melanocytic lesions with promising results. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to clarify the effectiveness of intense pulsed light for refractory melasma in Asian persons... CONCLUSION: Intense pulsed light is a safe and effective treatment for refractory melasma in Asian persons, with minimal side effects. Further treatment sessions are required for maintenance therapy.
A double-blind randomized trial of 5% ascorbic acid vs. 4% hydroquinone in melasma. [2004.08]
BACKGROUND: Melasma is an acquired treatment-resistant hyperpigmentation of the skin... CONCLUSION: Although hydroquinone showed a better response, ascorbic acid may play a role in the therapy of melasma as it is almost devoid of side-effects; it could be used alone or in combination therapy.
Improved quality of life with effective treatment of facial melasma: the pigment trial. [2004.07]
Melasma is a common hyperpigmentation of the face or neck that can have severe adverse psychological and emotional effects on affected individuals... After 8 weeks of therapy, patients reported that FA+HQ+RA had provided a variety of benefits that had enhanced their quality of life.
Tretinoin peels versus glycolic acid peels in the treatment of Melasma in dark-skinned patients. [2004.05]
BACKGROUND: Chemical peels have become a popular method for treating melasma. Although daily topical 0.05 and 0.1% tretinoin have been used for melasma, the therapy takes at least 4 to 6 months to produce clinically significant lightening. In a recent trial, 1% tretinoin peel has shown good clinical and histologic results after biweekly applications in 2.5 weeks only in the treatment of melasma. OBJECTIVE: Because there is a paucity of studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of 1% tretinoin peel in the treatment of melasma in dark-skinned Asian population, we conducted a pilot study to evaluate the efficacy and side effects of this potentially new peeling agent versus a standard peeling agent, 70% glycolic acid, in the treatment of melasma in Indian women... CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded from the present trial that serial 1% tretinoin peel is a well tolerated and as effective a therapy for melasma in dark-skinned individuals as a standard and well-tried chemical peel, 70% glycolic acid, although larger trials over longer periods may be necessary to substantiate such findings.
Focal trichloroacetic acid peel method for benign pigmented lesions in dark-skinned patients. [2004.04]
BACKGROUND: Benign pigmented lesions, including seborrheic keratosis, solar lentigines, melasma, and freckles, are common disorders, and various treatment modalities have been tried. We suggest a technique consisting of focal trichloroacetic acid (TCA) peel applied by pressing firmly onto the focal lesions. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effects of focal TCA peel on pigmented lesions in dark-skinned patients... CONCLUSION: The focal TCA peel method presented in this study is a safe and effective modality for the treatment of benign pigmented lesions with no significant complications.
Rationale for the use of topical corticosteroids in melasma. [2004.03]
Corticosteroids have been combined with other agents in the treatment of melasma for years... When used in combination with tretinoin and hydroquinone in the treatment of melasma, fluocinolone acetonide 0.01% suppresses biosynthetic and secretory functions of melanocytes, and thus melanin production, leading to early response in melasma, synergy among the three agents, and no significant side effects over an 8-week period.
Melasma: a review. [2004.03]
OBJECTIVE: To better understand melasma, a review of its etiologic factors, classification, pathogenesis, and treatment was undertaken... CONCLUSION: Melasma is a common skin disorder. Although melasma has been studied, its pathogenesis remains largely unknown and its treatment is still met with difficulty. Randomized controlled trials involving larger numbers of patients and comparing treatments, as well as studying combination therapies, would be beneficial.
Efficacy of hydroquinone (2%) versus tretinoin (0.025%) as adjunct topical agents for chemical peeling in patients of melasma. [2004.03]
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In recent years, chemical peels have become increasingly popular in the treatment of melasma. However, postpeel hyperpigmentation is a frequently encountered side effect, especially in dark-skinned individuals. The role of priming agents in preventing this complication has not been adequately evaluated. Hence, we studied the effect of hydroquinone versus tretinoin as priming agents in minimizing the incidence of this side effect in a double-blind, randomized clinical trial of 50 patients with melasma... CONCLUSIONS: Hydroquinone is superior to tretinoin as a priming agent in maintaining the results achieved with peels and in decreasing the incidence of postpeel reactive hyperpigmentation.
The use of lasers and intense pulsed light sources for the treatment of acquired pigmentary lesions in Asians. [2003.12]
Asians are prone to the development of lentigines as a result of photoageing.
Safety and efficacy of 4% hydroquinone combined with 10% glycolic acid, antioxidants, and sunscreen in the treatment of melasma. [2003.12]
BACKGROUND: Melasma, also known as mask of pregnancy, is a common, acquired hypermelanosis seen in women with Fitzpatrick skin types II-V, and is often recalcitrant to treatment with depigmentation agents. Glycolic acid has been added to hydroquinone formulations in the past to enhance their depigmentation effects, but may cause irritation, leading to postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. AIM: To assess the safety and efficacy of a cream containing 4% hydroquinone, 10% buffered glycolic acid, vitamins C and E, and sunscreen (Glyquin, ICN Pharmaceuticals, Costa Mesa, USA) vs. a cream containing sunscreen alone in the depigmentation of epidermal melasma of the face... CONCLUSIONS: A cream containing 4% hydroquinone, 10% buffered glycolic acid, vitamins C and E, and sunscreen is safe and effective in the treatment of melasma.
Comparison of trichloroacetic acid solution and cryosurgery in the treatment of solar lentigines. [2003.10]
BACKGROUND: Solar lentigines are benign keratinocytic proliferations resulting from prolonged and cumulative sun exposure. The newer photoselective lasers have become the mainstay of treatment. However, cryosurgery and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) solution are cost-effective alternatives in the treatment of solar lentigines... CONCLUSION: Cryosurgery was found to be superior to TCA 30% solution in the treatment of solar lentigines. This study demonstrates that old-fashioned treatments for solar lentigines are still excellent and cost-effective therapeutic choices.
Efficacy and safety of a new triple-combination agent for the treatment of facial melasma. [2003.07]
Treatment of melasma, a hyperpigmentation disorder, remains a challenge. The primary objective of two 8-week, multicenter, randomized, investigator-blind studies was to compare the efficacy and safety of a hydrophilic cream formulation containing tretinoin 0.05%, hydroquinone 4.0%, and fluocinolone acetonide 0.01% (RA+HQ+FA) with the dual-combination agents tretinoin plus hydroquinone (RA+HQ), tretinoin plus fluocinolone acetonide (RA+FA), and hydroquinone plus fluocinolone acetonide (HQ+FA)...
Assessment of adapalene gel for the treatment of actinic keratoses and lentigines: a randomized trial. [2003.07]
BACKGROUND: Adapalene is a synthetic retinoid with an established clinical efficacy against acne and good local tolerability. Its effectiveness in the treatment of photodamaged skin has not been studied. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the safety and efficacy of adapalene gel in the treatment of actinic keratoses and solar lentigines... CONCLUSION: Adapalene gel 0.1% and 0.3% were well tolerated and improved actinic keratoses, solar lentigines, and other features of photodamaged skin.
A clinical, prospective, randomized, double-blind trial comparing skin whitening complex with hydroquinone vs. placebo in the treatment of melasma. [2003.02]
OBJECTIVES: To compare, in a double-blind, randomized, prospective study, the clinical improvement of hyperpigmentation in 30 patients with melasma using hydroquinone or skin whitening complex topically on one side of the face vs. a placebo cream on the other. The study was performed during the period November 2000 to March 2001 at the Federal University of Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina... CONCLUSIONS: Both depigmentation agents were useful in the treatment of melasma. The hydroquinone group presented more collateral effects than the skin whitening complex group. Considering that the patients showed Fitzpatrick skin types IV to VI and the study was conducted in the summer, skin whitening complex seems to be an excellent choice for the treatment of melasma.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of vitamin C iontophoresis in melasma. [2003.01]
BACKGROUND: Vitamin C is known to both inhibit melanin formation and reduce oxidized melanin. However, vitamin C does not easily penetrate the skin. In this study, vitamin C iontophoresis was employed in order to enhance vitamin C penetration. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of vitamin C iontophoresis for melasma patients... CONCLUSION: Vitamin C iontophoresis may be an effective treatment modality for melasma. Copyright 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel
The effect of niacinamide on reducing cutaneous pigmentation and suppression of melanosome transfer. [2002.07]
BACKGROUND: Cutaneous hyperpigmentation occurs in multiple conditions. In addition, many Asian women desire a lighter skin colour. Thus, there is a need for the development of skin lightening agents. Niacinamide is a possible candidate. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of niacinamide on melanogenesis in vitro and on facial hyperpigmentation and skin colour in vivo in Japanese women... CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest niacinamide is an effective skin lightening compound that works by inhibiting melanosome transfer from melanocytes to keratinocytes.
Assessment of topical hypopigmenting agents on solar lentigines of Asian women. [2002.01]
BACKGROUND: So-called darkened age spots encompass distinct pathological processes. The efficacy of topical depigmenting agents is difficult to objectivate. OBJECTIVE: To assess the hypopigmenting effect of three cosmetic formulations using objective biometrological methods... CONCLUSION: Focal epidermal hyperpigmentation is better controlled by topical whitening agents when the increase in melanin content reflects a modest functional hyperactivity of melanocytes. Copyright 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel
An in vivo trial comparing the use of different types of 532 nm Nd:YAG lasers in the treatment of facial lentigines in Oriental patients. [2000.08]
BACKGROUND: Versapulse is a system that consists of four laser modalities and was developed with the aim of increasing cost-effectiveness. However, as these lasers share a common power supply, for the Q-switched (QS) Nd:YAG 532 nm laser a large spot diameter is necessary to lower the fluence to a suitable level. This can increase the risk of hyperpigmentation when used for the treatment of lentigines in dark-skinned patients. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to access the clinical efficacy and the complication rate of the Versapulse QS Nd:YAG 532 nm laser, the Versapulse long-pulsed Nd:YAG 532 nm laser (without the chill tip), and a conventional QS Nd:YAG 532 nm laser in the treatment of lentigines in Chinese patients... CONCLUSION: The Versapulse long-pulsed 532 nm laser is more effective and should be used instead of the Versapulse QS Nd:YAG 532 nm laser for the treatment of lentigines in dark-skinned patients.
A comparison of 3 lasers and liquid nitrogen in the treatment of solar lentigines: a randomized, controlled, comparative trial. [2000.07]
OBJECTIVE: To determine if laser therapy is superior to liquid nitrogen for the treatment of solar lentigines and if so, to determine if one laser is superior to the other lasers that were tested... CONCLUSIONS: Laser therapy is superior to liquid nitrogen for the treatment of solar lentigines. Of the laser systems tested in this study, the frequency-doubled Q-switched Nd:YAG laser is the most effective.
The combination of 2% 4-hydroxyanisole (Mequinol) and 0.01% tretinoin is effective in improving the appearance of solar lentigines and related hyperpigmented lesions in two double-blind multicenter clinical studies. [2000.03]
BACKGROUND: Solar lentigines are a chronic condition of the aging population resulting from years of cumulative sun exposure. A topical treatment that is both safe and effective would be welcome and useful. Combinations of therapeutic agents are often used and allow synergy of mechanisms with tolerability. A tyrosinase inhibitor in use in Europe, 4-hydroxyanisole (Mequinol), and the retinoid tretinoin have been used singly as depigmenting agents. OBJECTIVE: The efficacy and safety of the combination product of 2% 4-hydroxyanisole (4HA [mequinol]) /0.01% tretinoin solution (tradename Solage) were evaluated in two phase III, randomized, controlled, double-blind trials... CONCLUSION: For the treatment of solar lentigines and related hyperpigmented lesions, the topical combination product containing 2% 4HA/0.01% tretinoin solution is well tolerated and superior to either active component.
Treatment of melasma using kojic acid in a gel containing hydroquinone and glycolic acid. [1999.04]
BACKGROUND: Melasma is difficult to clear. Many agents have been used, such as hydroquinone, and glycolic acid and glycolic acid peels, kojic acid, a tyrosinase inhibitor in the fungus Aspergilline oryzae. OBJECTIVE: To see if the addition of 2% kojic acid in a gel containing 10% glycolic acid and 2% hydroquinone will improve melasma further... CONCLUSION: The addition of kojic acid to a gel containing 10% glycolic acid and 2% hydroquinone further improves melasma.
Comparison of the frequency-doubled Q-switched Nd:YAG laser and 35% trichloroacetic acid for the treatment of face lentigines. [1999.03]
BACKGROUND: Face lentigines are one of the manifestations of photodamaged skin and often put people in socially embarrassing situations. Several lasers have been used to remove lentigines at vast expense. However, trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is an alternative for treating lentigines that costs much less. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of the frequency-doubled Q-Switched Nd:YAG laser (532 nm) and 35% TCA for the treatment of face lentigines... CONCLUSION: In order to get a better result after one treatment, the authors suggest the frequency-doubled Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (532 nm) rather than 35% TCA for treating lentigines even though the cost of frequency-doubled Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (532 nm) is greater than that of 35% TCA for both physician and patient.
Glycolic acid peels in the treatment of melasma among Asian women. [1997.03]
BACKGROUND: Melasma is a common disorder of facial hyperpigmentation among Asian women. Many modalities of treatment are available but none is satisfactory. OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to see if glycolic acid peels are effective and safe in the treatment of melasma and fine facial wrinkling... CONCLUSION: A cream containing 10% glycolic acid and 2% hydroquinone (Neostrata AHA Age Spot and Skin Lightening Gel) improved melasma and fine facial wrinkling in Asian women. In combination with glycolic acid peels at 3-week intervals the lightening of melasma is subjectively much better. This improvement does not reach statistical significance and the sample size is small (n = 10).
Laser therapy versus cryotherapy of lentigines: a comparative trial. [1994.06]
BACKGROUND: Lentigines are common sun-induced benign melanocytic proliferations. Many therapies have been advocated, but few have been systemically evaluated. OBJECTIVE: We studied the effectiveness of two laser modalities in comparison with liquid nitrogen cryotherapy for lentigines... CONCLUSION: Liquid nitrogen cryotherapy was superior to argon and CO2 laser therapy in the treatment of benign epidermal pigmented lesions. This study demonstrates that comparative rather than uncontrolled studies are needed to judge the relative efficacy of therapies for benign pigmented lesions such as lentigines.
Topical tretinoin (retinoic acid) treatment of hyperpigmented lesions associated with photoaging in Chinese and Japanese patients: a vehicle-controlled trial. [1994.01]
BACKGROUND: Hyperpigmented lesions are a predominant component of photoaging in Chinese and Japanese persons. Topical 0.1% tretinoin cream improves the hyperpigmentation associated with photoaging in Caucasian persons. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to assess the efficacy of 0.1% tretinoin cream treatment of hyperpigmented lesions associated with photoaging in Chinese and Japanese patients... CONCLUSION: By clinical, colorimetric, and histologic evaluation, 0.1% tretinoin cream significantly lightens the hyperpigmentation of photoaging in Chinese and Japanese patients.
Topical tretinoin (retinoic acid) improves melasma. A vehicle-controlled, clinical trial. [1993.10]
Melasma is a common disorder of cutaneous hyperpigmentation predominantly affecting the faces of women. Little is known about the aetiology of melasma, and treatment is frequently disappointing... Topical 0.1% tretinoin produces significant clinical improvement of melasma, mainly due to reduction in epidermal pigment, but improvement is slow.
Topical tretinoin (retinoic acid) treatment for liver spots associated with photodamage. [1992.02.06]
BACKGROUND. The hyperpigmented lesions commonly called liver spots distress patients, in part because such lesions are associated with aging.
The treatment of melasma. 20% azelaic acid versus 4% hydroquinone cream. [1991.12]
The efficacy of 20% azelaic acid cream and 4% hydroquinone cream, both used in conjunction with a broad-spectrum sunscreen, against melasma was investigated in a 24-week, double-blind study with 329 women. Over the treatment period the azelaic acid cream yielded 65% good or excellent results; no significant treatment differences were observed with regard to overall rating, reduction in lesion size, and pigmentary intensity.
Double-blind comparison of azelaic acid and hydroquinone in the treatment of melasma. [1989.01]
Melasma is a macular hypermelanosis of the sun-exposed areas of the face and neck. The clinical efficacy of azelaic acid (20%) and hydroquinone creams (2%) in the treatment of this benign pigmentary disorder was compared in a randomized, double-blind study with 155 patients of Indo-Malay-Hispanic origin...
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